Are the costs of exporting to a market reduced if a firm has experience of exporting to a neighbouring market? If so, does this effect operate through reducing entry barriers or by increasing sales once the firm is operating in the market? This paper examines linkages between current export destinations and entry, sales and exit for new markets. We find that measures of exporting experience in ...

Pollution emissions impose serious social negative externalities, especially in terms of public health. To reduce pollution emissions cost-effectively, the marginal abatement costs (MACs) of pollution emissions must be determined. Since the industrial sectors are the essential pillars of China's economic growth, as well as leading energy consumers and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) emitters, estimating M...

In this paper we carry out a meta-analysis of recent studies into the costs of greenhouse gas mitigation policies that aim at the long-term stabilization of these gases in the atmosphere. We find the cost estimates of the studies to be sensitive to the level of the stabilization target, the assumed emissions baseline, intertemporal optimisation, the choice of control variable (CO2 only versus m...

We show how production and pricing data can be used to estimate merger–related efficiencies using pre merger data, and we assess the changes in efficiency and marginal costs that are expected to occur post merger. To do this, we jointly estimate firm level returns to scale, technical change, TFP growth, and price–cost markups. We implement our empirical model using data for the North American (...

Bertrand competition under decreasing returns involves a wide interval of pure strategy Nash equilibrium prices. We first present results of experiments in which two, three and four identical firms repeatedly interact in this environment. More firms lead to lower average prices. However, prices remain substantially above the Walrasian level. With more than two firms the predominant market price...

Industrial sectors account for around 70% of the total energy-related CO2 emissions in China. It is of great importance to measure the potential for CO2 emissions reduction and calculate the carbon price in industrial sectors covered in the Emissions Trading Scheme and carbon tax. This paper employs the directional distance function to calculate the marginal abatement costs of CO2 emissions dur...

The paper estimates the shadow prices of SO2 emissions for 36 Czech industry sectors during the period 2000-2008. A convex nonparametric least squares quadratic optimization formulated by Mekaroonreung & Johnson (2012) is applied to measure technical efficiency and to jointly estimate the shadow prices of SO2 emissions. The weighted average shadow price ranges between 360€ and 1,316€ per ton of...

For political and practical reasons, environmental regulations sometimes treat point source polluters, such as power plants, di¤erently from mobile source polluters, such as vehicles. This paper measures the extent of this regulatory asymmetry in the case of nitrogen oxides (NOx), the criteria air pollutant that has proven to be the most recalcitrant in the United States. We …nd signi…cant di¤e...