We present the concept of nocuous ambiguity, which occurs when text is interpreted differently by different readers. In contrast, text exhibits innocuous ambiguity if different readers interpret it in the same way, even though structural or semantic analyses suggest that multiple interpretations may be possible. We collect multiple human judgements of a set of English phrases obtained from requ...

We analyze a market populated by expected utility maximizers and smooth ambiguity-averse consumers. We study conditions under which ambiguity-averse consumers survive and affect prices in the limit. If ambiguity vanishes with time or if the economy exhibits no aggregate risk, ambiguity-averse consumers survive, but have no long-run impact on prices. In both scenarios, ambiguity-averse consumers...

This paper demonstrates that bare nouns in Shan (Tai-Kadai) can express both unique and anaphoric definiteness, a distinction first noted by Schwarz (2009). pattern of data as well similar patterns found Serbian Kannada motivate adding category to the typology definiteness marking described Jenks (2018) include languages allow definiteness. An extended type-shifting analysis offers an account a...

BACKGROUND Pituitary dysfunction caused by intracranial aneurysms is rare. We report a patient with the unique feature of hyperprolactinemia to a degree previously seen only with prolactin-secreting tumours. METHOD Case report. RESULT A 42-year-old woman had a galactorrhea, left-sided headache, reduced vision in the left eye and a left temporal hemianopsia. Serum prolactin was elevated (365...