Inability to reach 85% of the predicted maximal heart rate for age during exercise stress testing (chronotropic incompetence) has been considered indicative of an uninterpretable or inadequate test. A new study from the Cleveland Clinic suggests that a submaximal heart rate response to exercise may be a significant independent risk factor for all-cause and cardiovascular death in individuals wi...

Background: Hawthorn species decreases blood pressure and relaxes precontracted vessels. This study aimed at examining the antihypertensive effect and related mechanisms of hydroalcoholic extract of Crataegus azarolus subspecies aronia fruit in rats with renovascular hypertension.Methods: Six groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats, each containing 6 to 8 rats, were studied. The groups comprised of ...

BACKGROUND Aerobic capacity tests are important to evaluate exercise programs and to encourage individuals to have a physically active lifestyle. Submaximal tests, if proven valid and reliable could be used for estimation of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). The purpose of the study was to examine the criterion-validity of the submaximal self-monitoring Fox-walk test and the submaximal Åstrand cy...

The effect of one-year physical training on heart rate variability in older adults was evaluated in 14 healthy men (age > 55 year). Measures of heart rate variability were obtained in both time and frequency domain. Tenminute ECG recordings were made in supine position and in standing position. A progressive climbing exertion test till exhaustion was performed to estimate maximal oxygen consump...

AIMS The aim of this study was to assess inspiratory performance at rest and during exercise in patients with chronic heart failure in comparison with healthy controls using a non-invasive index: the tension-time index of inspiratory muscles (TTMUS). METHODS We studied 13 patients with chronic heart failure (57 +/- 7 years) and 10 control subjects (58 +/- 6 years) at rest and during an increm...

We investigated the atrial (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptides (BNP), catecholamines, heart rate, and blood pressure responses to graded upright maximal cycling exercise of eight matched healthy subjects and cardiac-denervated heart transplant recipients (HTR). Baseline heart rate and diastolic blood pressure, together with ANP (15.2 +/- 3.7 vs. 4.4 +/- 0.8 pmol/l; P < 0.01) and BNP (14.3 +/- ...

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