Sponges (Phylum Porifera) are an evolutionary and ecologically significant group; however information on processes influencing sponge population distributions is surprisingly limited. Carteriospongia foliascens is a common Indo-Pacific sponge, which has been reported from the intertidal to the mesophotic. Interestingly, the distribution of C. foliascens at inshore reefs of the Great Barrier Ree...

When a pipe roof is used as pre-support for the surrounding rock in shallowly buried tunnel, accurate prediction of support effectiveness important order to ensure rationality structure design. Based on analysis effects, considering construction time structures and interaction mechanisms between steel pipes rock, we establish calculation model pressure acting each semi-circular boundary. Throug...

Shield tunneling is widely used in urban subway tunnel construction. Old underground pipelines generally have small leakages that are difficult to find. The water leakage significantly reduces the stability of stratum, posing a threat safety shield Therefore, this study established 2D and 3D calculation models for analyzing law diffusion ground under pressure, influences pipeline range length o...

Understanding how the density and spatial arrangement of invaders is critical to developing management strategies of pest species. The Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, has been translocated around the world for aquaculture and in many instances has established wild populations. Relative to other species of bivalve, it displays rapid suspension feeding, which may cause mortality of pelagic inv...

Continuous pumping of groundwater will induce uneven ground settlement, which may adversely affect the nearby metro tunnels. In this paper, taking Nantong Metro Line 1 crossing Port Water Plant as an example, surface level measurement and subsurface deformation monitoring using vertically distributed fiber-optic sensing are implemented to acquire settlement emergency water supply conditions. Th...

This work explores the spatial distribution of monsoonal flooded areas using ENVISAT C-band Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) in the semi-arid region of N. Gujarat, India. The amplitude component of SAR Single Look Complex (SLC) images has been used to estimate the extent of surface and near-surface water dynamics using the mean amplitude (MA) of monsoonal (July to September) and post-mo...

We investigate numerically the evolution of surface settlement during continuous tunnel excavation by formulating and solving the poro-elasticity equations in a frame of reference, which is fixed to the moving face. In tunnelling through low-permeability soils, consolidation processes take place in general simultaneously with the spatial stress redistribution in the vicinity of the advancing fa...

S urface solar radiation is a major component of the surface heat budget. Diurnally and seasonally averaged over the entire Earth, 188 ± 7 W m–2 reach the surface to be either absorbed (~165 ± 6 W m–2) or reflected back to the atmosphere (Trenberth et al. 2009; Stephens et al. 2012). Changes in the amount of solar radiation received at the surface are intrinsically tied to the total amount of p...

The influence of ambient water quality on the settlement of barnacles and the green alga Enteromorpha spp. to an artificial substratum in the estuaries of Sydney, Australia, was investigated to test the efficacy of both groups of organisms as indicators of changes in water quality due to urban stormwater runoff and/or sewage overflows. Wooden settlement panels were immersed for 4 months on 17 o...

This paper presents a feed forward back-propagation neural network model to estimate the vertical deformation of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) small diameter flexible pipes buried in reinforced trenches and settlement of soil surface (SSS) subjected to repeated loadings to simulate the heavy vehicle loads. The experimental data show that the vertical diametral strain (VDS) of pipe embedded i...