The nature of risk and long-term returns is not fully understood. There need for a measure at multiple horizons. Frequency domain digital signal processing, with an additive noise model, tests the random walk hypothesis individual firm total idiosyncratic 2-month to 4-year periods. All firms have significant 12-month risk. Monthly effects influence small firms. Large mid-cap are influenced by a...

Whether investing in financial markets or deciding whom to ask on a date, our decisions are often taken in risky environments. Although traditional economic theories assume that we behave rationally in such environments, extensive evidence indicates that we are susceptible to systematic biases and inconsistencies when making risky decisions. For instance, people and other animals are not only s...

in this research, a method for determining feeding buffer sizes in critical chain project scheduling is introduced. the method integrates project characteristics into the formulation as well as environment project risk. resource tightness, environment risk and network morphology incorporate into the formulation. the method is tested and compared to three commonly suggested methods in the litera...

This paper discusses the uncertain portfolio selection problem when security returns cannot be well reflected by historical data. It is proposed that uncertain variable should be used to reflect the experts’ subjective estimation of security returns. Regarding the security returns as uncertain variables, the paper introduces a risk curve and develops a mean-risk model. In addition, the crisp fo...