Abstract Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has been an essential tool in the surgical sector for many years due to its crucial advantages compared open surgery. To overcome remaining limitations, teleoperated MIS experienced a strong emergence. However, widespread usage of such systems is hindered by enormous financial hurdle. The use standard components and conventional tools can facilitate int...

The main objective of this study is to analyse the reliability and validity psychometric properties two instruments: Team-Based Learning Student Assessment Instrument (TBL-SAI) Team Performance Survey (TPS). A 33-item TBL-SAI an 18-item TPS were administered investigate undergraduate students’ perception TBL PBL incorporated in medical terminology course recruited. Cronbach’s alpha test a princ...