Inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway by the FDA-approved drug rapamycin has been shown to promote lifespan and delay age-related diseases in model organisms including mice. Unfortunately, rapamycin has potentially serious side effects in humans, including glucose intolerance and immunosuppression, which may preclude the long-term prophylactic use of rapamyc...

In general, models of ecological systems can be broadly categorized as ’top-down’ or ’bottom-up’ models, based on the hierarchical level that the model processes are formulated on. The structure of a top-down, also known as phenomenological, population model can be interpreted in terms of population characteristics, but it typically lacks an interpretation on a more basic level. In contrast, bo...

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around 75% of civilians have experienced at least one traumatic event in their lives, and this number is considerably higher in many parts of the world, as well as in military veterans and first responders. of those exposed to trauma, 15-25% will develop posttraumatic stress disorder (ptsd).  ptsd extracts enormous economic, health, and quality of life cost. thus, it is critical to understand m...

M. Bansal and N. Kaushal, Oxidative Stress Mechanisms and their Modulation, DOI 10.1007/978-81-322-2032-9_2, © Springer India 2014 Oxidative stress has been well implicated in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. Presently mechanistic considerations of the oxidative stress pathogenesis in most vital organ systems, e.g., nervous system, cardiovascular system, male/ female reproductive sys...

Purely data driven approaches for machine learning present difficulties when data is scarce relative to the complexity of the model or when the model is forced to extrapolate. On the other hand, purely mechanistic approaches need to identify and specify all the interactions in the problem at hand (which may not be feasible) and still leave the issue of how to parameterize the system. In this pa...

The segmentation gene network in insects can produce equivalent phenotypic outputs despite differences in upstream regulatory inputs between species. We investigate the mechanistic basis of this phenomenon through a systems-level analysis of the gap gene network in the scuttle fly Megaselia abdita (Phoridae). It combines quantification of gene expression at high spatio-temporal resolution with ...

Even though the evidence-based medicine (EBM) movement labels mechanisms a low quality form of evidence, consideration of the mechanisms on which medicine relies, and the distinct roles that mechanisms might play in clinical practice, offers a number of insights into EBM itself. In this paper, I examine the connections between EBM and mechanisms from several angles. I diagnose what went wrong i...

Kidney is considered as the secondary target organ of nanoparticle (NP) toxicity. Since it primary excretion, NPs are expected to adversely affect renal system. Therefore, a comprehensive review recent knowledge on toxicity engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) was made. Mechanistic paradigms their have also been discussed.