The alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist prazosin has been used to alleviate the symptoms of PTSD, but the mechanism remains unclear. One possibility is that prazosin may disrupt fear memory reconsolidation, leading to attenuation of fear responses. To test this hypothesis, we administered a single systemic injection of prazosin during the reconsolidation of olfactory fear conditioning in rats. We fou...

In studies of behavioral reconsolidation interference, reactivation of a consolidated memory using some form of reminder is followed by the presentation of new information that can cause interference with that memory. Under these conditions, the interference not only impairs retrieval by indirect processes such as cue interference, but supposedly disrupts the original memory trace directly. Alm...

It has been reported that consolidated memories can return to a labile state when reactivated and undergo a process of re-storage, termed reconsolidation, required for later recall. We investigated memory for a nonassociative learning task (habituation) and found that memory for this task also undergoes reconsolidation after recall. To investigate reconsolidation, we first demonstrated that adu...

Multiple phases of protein synthesis are necessary for the synaptic modifications that consolidate long-term memory. The reconsolidation hypothesis supposes that information in long-term memory becomes labile and subject to change when retrieved and must be reconsolidated into long-term memory. The current study used the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin to examine memory consolidation in ...

It is generally accepted that, after learning, memories stabilize over time and integrate into long-term memory (LTM) through the process of consolidation, which depends on de novo protein synthesis. Besides, studies on several species have shown that reactivation of already stabilized LTM can either make this memory labile and then restabilize it (a process called reconsolidation) or inhibit i...

A long-standing hypothesis posits that a G protein-coupled signaling pathway mediates β-adrenergic nervous system functions, including learning and memory. Here we report that memory retrieval (reactivation) induces the activation of β1-adrenergic β-arrestin signaling in the brain, which stimulates ERK signaling and protein synthesis, leading to postreactivation memory restabilization. β-Arrest...

The nonreinforced expression of long-tem memory may lead to two opposite protein synthesis-dependent processes: extinction and reconsolidation. Extinction weakens consolidated memories, whereas reconsolidation allows incorporation of additional information into them. Knowledge about these two processes has accumulated in recent years, but their possible interaction has not been evaluated yet. H...

Drug use is provoked by the presentation of drug-associated cues, even following long periods of abstinence. Disruption of these learned associations would therefore limit relapse susceptibility. Drug-associated memories are susceptible to long-term disruption during retrieval and shortly after, during memory reconsolidation. Recent evidence reveals that retrieval and reconsolidation are depend...

Rats can learn to forage among olfactory cues to associate one with reward in only 3 massed trials. The learning is achieved in less than 10 min and results in a memory trace lasting at least 1wk week. To study the neuro-anatomical circuits involved in the memory formation we used immunoreactivity to the immediate early gene c-fos as a marker for neuronal activity induced by the learning. The p...

BACKGROUND Memory reconsolidation is the direct effect of memory reactivation followed by stabilization of newly synthesized proteins. It has been well proven that neural encoding of both newly and reactivated memories requires synaptic plasticity. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been extensively investigated regarding its role in the formation of synaptic plasticity and in the alt...