Ionization, pair creation, and electron excitations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions are investigated in the framework of the coupled-channel formalisrn. Collisions between heavy projectiles and pb8*+ are considered for various bombarding energies in the region E =500 up to 2000 MeV/u. Useful symmetry relations for the matrix elements are derived and the influence of gauge transformations o...

background and aims: to obtain maximum advantages from orthodontic fixed appliances and to achieve the desired final occlusion, correct bracket positioning is highly necessary. in order to measure and determine bracket’s height, diverse gauges have been used. the objective of the present study is to determine and compare bracket positioning accuracy by using height bracket positioning gauge (hb...

We study the effect of hedgehog suppression in the O(3) sigma model in D=2+1. We show via Monte Carlo simulations that the sigma model can be disordered while effectively forbidding these point topological defects. The resulting paramagnetic state has gauge charged matter with half-integer spin (spinons) and also an emergent gauge field (photons), whose existence is explicitly demonstrated. Hen...

We study the effect of hedgehog suppression in the Os3d sigma model in D=2+1. We show via Monte Carlo simulations that the sigma model can be disordered while effectively forbidding these point topological defects. The resulting paramagnetic state has gauge charged matter with half-integer spin (spinons) and also an emergent gauge field (photons), whose existence is explicitly demonstrated. Hen...

this paper presents a comprehensive case study on electro-mechanical analysis of mems[1] variable capacitors. using the fundamental mechanical and electrical equations, static and dynamic behaviors of the device are studied. the analysis is done for three different modes, namely: dc (static mode), small signal ac and large signal regime. a complete set of equations defining dynamic behavior of ...

This article presents a phased array antenna employing MEMS phase shifter. The proposed phased array antenna consists of eight square patch antennas operating at 10.4 GHz with a bandwidth of 400 MHz. Feed line for each patch passes through a MEMS phase shifter realized by a series of bridges above the transmission line. The distance between the bridge and the transmission line underneath it is ...

This paper presents work toward the development of a novel MEMS sensing technology for AUVs. The proposed lateral line-inspired sensor system is a highdensity array of pressure sensors for measuring hydrodynamic disturbances. By measuring pressure variations on a vehicle surface, a dense pressure sensor array will allow the AUV to detect, classify, and locate nearby obstacles and optimize its m...

The delta function gauge of the electromagnetic potential allows semiclassical formulas to be obtained for the probability of exciting a single electron out of the ground state in an ultrarelativistic heavy ion reaction. Exact formulas have been obtained in the limits of zero impact parameter and large, perturbative, impact parameter. The perturbative impact parameter result can be exploited to...