Menstruation is a phenomenon unique to the females. Menstruation, the periodic vaginal bleeding that occurs with the shedding of the uterine mucosa, is one of the important signs of puberty and occurs one or two years following appearance of secondary sexual characteristics. The first menstruation (menarche) occurs between 11 and 15 years with a mean age of 13 years. Once established, every mat...

Policy-makers have cited menstruation and lack of sanitary products as barriers to girls’ schooling. We evaluate these claims using a randomized evaluation of sanitary products provision to girls in Nepal. We report two findings. First, menstruation has a very small impact on school attendance: we estimate that girls miss a total of 0.4 days in a 180 day school year. Second, improved sanitary t...

We extend objectification theory research to consider the relationship between self-objectification and attitudes toward an alternative menstrual product in a diverse sample of female undergraduates from the United States (N = 151). We use a survey design to investigate attitudes toward one's menstruation as a potential mechanism that may explain this relationship. Reactions to an alternative m...

Dysmenorrhoea, pain during menstruation, affects 40-95 per cent of menstruating women, and has been reported as the most common causes of regular absenteeism among young women. There are two types of dysmenorrhoea: primary and secondary. Primary dysmenorrhoea is a painful menstruation with no detectable organic disease and is more common in adolescent women. Secondary dysmenorrhoea is painful m...

background: chemicals are among risk factors that can affect women's reproductive system. this study is aimed to investigate the association of occupational exposure to a mixture of organic solvents with menstruation disturbances and hormonal changes among female workers. methods : female workers of a pharmaceutical company were divided into three groups of non-exposed, low-exposed and highly-e...