Along with ordinary utilitarian things, Seymа-Turbinо casters made technically advanced products devoid of pragmatic functions. Miniature copies full-size prestigious were found in graves and shrines. Probably, communities metalworkers treated these miniature tools as material symbols their group identification. Numerous finds Petrovka, Sintashta, Seymа-Turbino archeological sites mean that met...

Metalworking fluids (MWF) play a significant role in manufacturing processes, such as machining or forming. Consequently, a high number of MWF with varying chemical composition are commercially available. However, the working mechanisms of the MWF are still object of discussion in science and application. This paper addresses the possible interactions of additives with metal surfaces taking the...

The most advanced and recently developed coating surface-hardening technologies make it possible to obtain almost the full range of physical–mechanical crystal–chemical properties metalworking tool surface electronic component for a wide applications enlarge product operational life working under extreme mechanical thermal loads [...]