20.1 Intruders Intruder Behavior Patterns Intrusion Techniques 20.2 Intrusion Detection Audit Records Statistical Anomaly Detection Rule-Based Intrusion Detection The Base-Rate Fallacy Distributed Intrusion Detection Honeypots Intrusion Detection Exchange Format 20.3 Password Management Password Protection Password Selection Strategies 20.4 Recommended Reading and Web Sites 20.5 Key Terms, Revi...

To the editor: We read the paper written by Min et al. [1] and published in Investigative and Clinical Urology in 2016. The authors aimed to study the effect of serum phosphorus on erectile dysfunction (ED) and the relationship with other clinical variables. It was concluded that phosphorus is a significant predictor of ED and a strong factor that can be modified in middle age. However, althoug...

The sunk cost fallacy is one of the irrational choice behaviors robustly observed in humans. This fallacy can be defined as a preference for a higher-cost alternative to a lower-cost one after previous investment in a higher-cost alternative. The present study examined this irrational choice by exposing pigeons to several types of trials with differently illuminated colors. We prepared three ty...

Development economists have superseded any necessity of using Arrow’s methodological individualism (MI) in focusing on cross-cultural, cross-national, or developmental economics. This study examines whether analysis of cross-cultural economic models might include a concept of economic generosity as a type of economic structuration that deviates from MI principles and is closer to what economist...