OBJECTIVE The purposes of this retrospective study were to represent a newly designed theoretical model for determining orifice shape and morphologic properties of mandibular premolars and to correlate these findings with each other. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 287 mandibular premolar images obtained from 88 patients by cone-beam computed tomography were included in this study. The measu...

Analysis of velocity acceleration proximal to a regurgitant valve has been proposed as a method to quantify the regurgitant flow rate (Q.). Previous work has assumed inviscid flow through an infinitesimal orifice, predicting hemispheric isovelocity shells, with calculated flow rate given by QC=2rrN2vN, where VN is user-selected velocity of interest and rN is the distance from that velocity to t...

Continuum robots have shown astounding abilities in the medical field as numerous robotized devices have emerged. For instance, colonoscopes, arthroscopes, catheters, endoscopes, and other medical tools have been developed [1]. Their ability to navigate through complex anatomy and narrow spaces represent the attractive features of continuum robots. We foresee to improve their usefulness for Min...

A current-voltage characteristic of direct current (DC) gas discharge operated in a micro gas jet injected into a secondary electron microscope (SEM) chamber is presented. Ar gas was injected through a 30 μm orifice gas nozzle (OGN) and was evacuated by an additional pump to keep the high vacuum environment. Gas discharges were ignited between the OGN as anode and a counter electrode of Si wafe...

Submicron-sized airborne particulate matter (PM) is not collected well on regular quartz or glass fiber filter papers. We used a micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI) to fractionate PM into 6 size fractions and deposit it on specially designed high-purity thin aluminum disks. The MOUDI separated PM into fractions 56–100, 100–180, 180–320, 320–560, 560–1000, and 1000–1800 nm. Since the ...

Malformations of the Penis Hypospadias is the most common malformation (1 in 250 live male births). It refers to the abnormal location of the distal urethral orifice along the ventral aspect of the penis. The urethral orifice is sometimes constricted, resulting in urinary tract obstruction. Epispadias: the urethral orifice is situated on the dorsal aspect of the penis. Like hypospadias, epispad...

This paper analyses the damping in pressure compensated closed centre mobile working hydraulic systems. Both rotational and linear loads are covered and the analysis applies to any type of pump controller. Only the outlet orifice in the directional valve will provide damping to a pressure compensated system. Design rules are proposed for how the system should be dimensioned in order to obtain a...

A 64 year old woman with partial atrioventricular canal and double orifice mitral valve presented with severe mitral regurgitation secondary to a torn leaflet. The double orifice regurgitant mitral valve is an unusual finding at operation.