effects of condensed tannins (ct) on crude protein availability in sainfoin hay was investigated according to most popular ruminant feeding systems. different treatments including polyethylene glycol (6000 mw), sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, potassium permanganate, wood ash, water and urea, were applied for deactivation of ct crude protein fractioning was determined using nylon bag techn...

Crude protein requirements of finishing cattle over 1000 lb are below 10 percent of dietary dry matter (NRC, 1976). However, crude protein is usually fed in excess of 10 percent of DM due to decreased feed intake and performance at lower protein levels. Finishing diets usually consist of cereal grains fed ad libitum. With milo and corn grains, substantial quantities of starch are not completely...

Bage is a traditional fermented fish in Sumbawa made from lemuru (Sardinella lemuru). The aims of this study were to determine the chemical properties (moisture content and crude protein), microbial properties, panellist’s preferences for bage products after addition chitosan during process. Optimization analysis using Response Surface Methodology showed that temperature acquired was 60.93˚C. c...

Industrially important enzymes and microbial biomass proteins have been produced from fungi for more than 50 years. High levels of crude protein as much as 45% are present in fungal biomass with balanced essential amino acids. The aim of this study was to access the potential of Trichoderma harzianum to produce fungal biomass protein from rice polishings. Maximum biomass yield was obtained at 5...

Three Holstein steers in the growing phase, each with a ruminal cannula, were used to test the hypothesis that the synchronization of the hourly rate of carbohydrate and nitrogen (N) released in the rumen would increase the amount of retained nitrogen for growth and thus improve the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (EMPS). In Experiment 1, in situ degradability coefficients of carbohyd...

an experiment was conducted to predict the true metabolizable energy (tmen) of compounded starter feeds of broiler chickens trough their chemical composition using precision-feeding method of sibbald in male boilers. in the first, eight compounded feed samples provided from eight feed plants and their chemical composition determined in laboratory. results of chemical composition showed that ave...

Alfalfa was harvested as silage or hay and fed in two 12-wk trials with a 4 x 4 Latin square design that used 12 (trial 1) or 24 (trial 2) multiparous lactating cows (4 ruminally cannulated cows per trial). Diets contained (dry matter basis) 75 or 50% alfalfa plus 24 of 40% high moisture corn (trial 1) or 50% alfalfa, 44 or 41% high moisture corn, with (3%) or without fish meal (trial 2). Exper...

Abstract The fermentation characteristics and microbial counts of Megathyrsus maximus ensiled at varying inclusions Moringa oleifera seeds different ensiling periods were investigated. Factorial experiment consisting 3 proportions grass (100:0, 75:25, 50:50) 4 duration (30, 60, 90, 120 days) was carried out. pH significantly highest ( p < 0.05) with the inclusion while decreased increased du...

The nutritive value of pistachio epicarp (PE) was evaluated by in situ and in vitro techniques. Chemical analysis indicated that PE was high in crude protein (11.30%) and low in neutral detergent fiber (26.20%). Total phenols, total tannins, condensed tannins and hydrolysable tannins contents in PE were 8.29%, 4.48%, 0.49% and 3.79%, respectively. Ruminal dry matter and crude protein degradatio...

Crude enzymes produced via solid state fermentation (SSF) using wheat milling by-products have been employed for both fermentation media production using flour-rich waste (FRW) streams and lysis of Rhodosporidium toruloides yeast cells. Filter sterilization of crude hydrolysates was more beneficial than heat sterilization regarding yeast growth and microbial oil production. The initial carbon t...