Fluvial ecosystems process large quantities of dissolved organic matter as it moves from the headwater streams to the sea. In particular, hyporheic sediments are centers of high biogeochemical reactivity due to their elevated residence time and high microbial biomass and activity. However, the interaction between organic matter and microbial dynamics in the hyporheic zone remains poorly underst...

Microbial enzymes are important tools that frequently used in the field of biotechnology. These microbial enzymes, which play a role intracellular biological reactions, many different industries. Lipase, proteases and amylases members hydrolytic enzymes. Lipase enzyme, has most common usage area among is an enzyme catalyzes hydrolysis ester bonds between lipid molecules. The activity lipase com...

The identification of flavin-dependent thymidylate synthase (FDTS) as an essential enzyme and its occurrence in several pathogenic microbes opens opportunities for using FDTS enzyme as an excellent target for new antimicrobial drug discovery. In contrast to the human thymidylate synthase enzyme that utilizes methylene-tetrahydrofolate (CH2H4 folate) for the conversion of dUMP to dTMP, the micro...

sewage sludge with having the organic matter is considered as a source of micro and macro elements. in order to investigate the effect of different levels and period of application of sewage sludge (ss) on organic matter, respiration, and acid and alkaline phosphatase activity, factorial design were studied, in 3 replications. sewage sludge at five levels, (20 and 40 tons of sewage sludge, 20 a...

Soil enzyme activities are the direct expression of the soil community to metabolic requirements and available nutrients. While the diversity of soil organisms is important, the capacity of soil microbial communities to maintain functional diversity of those critical soil processes through disturbance, stress or succession could ultimately be more important to ecosystem productivity and stabili...

Methyl-Coenzyme M reductase (MCR) as key enzyme for methanogenesis as well as for anaerobic oxidation of methane represents an important metabolic marker for both processes in microbial biofilms. Here, the potential of MCR-specific polyclonal antibodies as metabolic marker in various methanogenic Archaea is shown. For standard growth conditions in laboratory culture, the cytoplasmic localizatio...

How biotic and abiotic factors influence soil carbon (C) mineralization rate (RS) has recently emerged as one of the focal interests in ecological studies. To determine the relative effects of temperature, soil substrate and microbial community on Rs, we conducted a laboratory experiment involving reciprocal microbial inoculations of three zonal forest soils, and measured RS over a 61-day perio...

Most cellulolytic enzyme blends, either procured from a commercial vendor or isolated from a single cellulolytic microbial secretome, do not efficiently hydrolyze ammoniapretreated (e.g., ammonia fiber expansion, AFEX) lignocellulosic agricultural crop residues like corn stover to fermentable sugars. Typically reported commercial enzyme loading (30–100 mg protein/g glucan) necessary to achieve ...

This review discusses the debittering enzyme naringinase and its essential role in the commercial processing of citrus fruit juice. Applications of this enzyme in other areas are identified. Characterization of the enzyme is detailed and its immobilized preparations are discussed. Production of microbial naringinase by fermentation is described. © 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.