Ihara E, Moffat L, Ostrander J, Walsh MP, MacDonald JA. Characterization of protein kinase pathways responsible for Ca sensitization in rat ileal longitudinal smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 293: G699–G710, 2007. First published July 26, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00214.2007.—We investigated the protein kinases responsible for myosin regulatory light chain (LC20) phosphoryla...

Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) are a primary source of water quality degradation in eutrophic lakes. The occurrence of cyanoHABs is ubiquitous and expected to increase with current climate and land use change scenarios. However, it is currently unknown what environmental parameters are important for indicating the presence of cyanoHAB toxins making them difficult to predict or ...

Creeping bentgrass putting greens require frequent irrigation during summer months to meet evapotranspiration requirements. Golf courses that utilize local water bodies for may potentially spread phytopathogenic waterborne microbes, or toxins they produce, greens. Cyanobacteria associated with yellow spot and black layer have been detected in are known produce cyanotoxins hinder plant growth at...

Toxin-producing cyanobacteria have frequently been hypothesized to limit the ability of herbivorous zooplankton (such as Daphnia) to control phytoplankton biomass by inhibiting feeding, and in extreme cases, causing zooplankton mortality. Using limnocorral experiments in hyper-eutrophic ponds located in Alabama and Michigan (U.S.A.), we tested the hypothesis that high levels of cyanobacteria an...

Microcystis is a well-known cyanobacterial genus frequently producing hepatotoxins named microcystins. Toxin production is encoded by microcystin genes (mcy). This study aims (i) to relate the mcy occurrence in individual colonies to the presence of microcystin, (ii) to assess whether morphological characteristics (morphospecies) are related to the occurrence of mcy genes, and (iii) to test whe...

Anabaena is a filamentous, N(2)-fixing, and morphologically diverse genus of cyanobacteria found in freshwater and brackish water environments worldwide. It contributes to the formation of toxic blooms in freshwater bodies through the production of a range of hepatotoxins or neurotoxins. In the Baltic Sea, Anabaena spp. form late summer blooms, together with Nodularia spumigena and Aphanizomeno...

Citation: Brient L, Ben Gamra N, Periot M, Roumagnac M, Zeller P, Bormans M, Méjean A, Ploux O and Biegala IC (2017) Rapid Characterization of Microcystin-Producing Cyanobacteria in Freshwater Lakes by TSA-FISH (Tyramid Signal Amplification-Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization). Front. Environ. Sci. 5:43. doi: 10.3389/fenvs.2017.00043 Rapid Characterization of Microcystin-Producing Cyanobacteria i...

Cyanobacterial blooms are a frequent occurrence in northeastern Brazil and constitute a serious public health problem. Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, eleven environmental samples with cyanobacteria from seven reservoirs were used to determine the presence of the gene involved in microcystin biosynthesis (mcyB). Two sets of oligonucleotide primers were designed from the sequen...

Microcystins are hepatotoxic cyclic peptides produced by several cyanobacterial genera worldwide. In 2008, our research group identified eight new glycine-containing microcystin congeners in two hydro-terrestrial mat samples from the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Eastern Antarctica. During the present study, high-resolution mass spectrometry, amino acid analysis and micro-scale thiol derivatization we...

cyanobacteria are well known for their production of a multitude of highly toxic substances . the genus stigomena is regarded as good candidates for producing biologically active secondary metabolites, which are highly toxic to humans and other animals. the carcass of a dog was found at the shore of lake ali-abad, iran. biomass from the discovery site appeared to be of cyanobacterial nature. we...