PURPOSE OF REVIEW To examine current evidence for dietary supplementation with zinc and other micronutrients for primary prevention of multiple micronutrient deficiencies that are known to result from therapies used in the treatment of gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Epidemiological observations and clinical findings have strengthened the concept that both nutritional...

Chronic heart failure is a complex catabolic state that carries a devastating prognosis. The transition from stable disease to cardiac cachexia is not well understood. Mechanisms that maintain the wasting process involve neurohormones and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which contribute to an imbalance in anabolic and catabolic pathways. A decrease in food intake alone rarely triggers the developme...

OBJECTIVE Low micronutrient intakes in adolescents are frequently reported. We assessed micronutrient intakes in adolescents to determine whether supplement use optimises intakes. METHODS Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire in 17 year old participating in the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study (n=991). We calculated median daily micronutrient intake...

Throughout the developing world, the long-term consequences of insufficient amounts of essential micronutrients in the human diet can be more devastating than low energy intake. Micronutrients are involved in all aspects of development, growth, and physiology of the human body (including from early embryonic stage), and their deficiencies can cause birth defects, permanent physical and mental i...

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) often coincides with nutritional deficiencies. The effects of micronutrient supplementation on TB treatment outcomes, clinical complications, and mortality are uncertain. METHODS We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of micronutrients (vitamins A, B complex, C, and E, as well as selenium) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. We enrolled 471 huma...

The involvement of vitamins and other micronutrients in intermediary metabolism was elucidated in the mid 1900's at the level of individual biochemical reactions. Biochemical pathways remain the foundational knowledgebase for understanding how micronutrient adequacy modulates health in all life stages. Current daily recommended intakes were usually established on the basis of the association of...

Pollinators contribute around 10% of the economic value of crop production globally, but the contribution of these pollinators to human nutrition is potentially much higher. Crops vary in the degree to which they benefit from pollinators, and many of the most pollinator-dependent crops are also among the richest in micronutrients essential to human health. This study examines regional differenc...

Nutritional assessment reveals the nutritional status of a patient. It thereby helps identify each patient's need for specific nutritional care and facilitates early intervention. Generally, the common nutrition and nutrition-related problems in hospitalised paediatric patients are: protein energy malnutrition in various degrees; vitamin deficiencies such as A, B1, B2, niacin, folic acid, K and...

Spray adjuvants can be employed in the foliar application of fertiliser to ensure adhesion of aqueous sprays to the waxy surfaces of foliage (wetters), to improve coverage of spray on foliage (spreaders), to minimise weathering of fertiliser deposits on foliage (stickers/extenders), and to increase the uptake of fertiliser into foliage (humectants, pH modifiers, and penetrants). Even with impro...

Abstract The deficiencies of micronutrients known as hidden hunger are severely affecting more than one-half the world’s population, which is highly related to low bioavailability micronutrients, poor quality diets, and consumption cereal-based foods in developing countries. Although numerous experiments proved biofortification a paramount approach for improving around world, its effectiveness ...