Design of optimal microstructures for infiltrated solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) electrodes is a complicated process because of the multitude of the electrochemical and physical phenomena taking place in the electrodes in different temperatures, current densities and reactant flow rates. In this study, a stochastic geometric modeling method is used to create a range of digitally realized infi...

This paper addresses the attainability of the Hashin-Shtrikman bounds for multiphase composites, including those of conductive materials and elastic materials. It presents a new derivation of these bounds that yield a necessary and sufficient condition for optimal microstructures. A key idea is a simple characterization of the gradient Young measures associated with optimal microstructures.

The characterization of microstructures in three dimensions is reviewed, with an emphasis on the use of automated electron backscatter diffraction techniques. Both statistical reconstruction of polycrystalline structures from multiple cross sections and reconstruction from parallel, serial sections are discussed. In addition, statistical reconstruction of second-phase particle microstructures f...

Here we describe, for the first time, intriguing solvato-morphological control of spiropyran-based microcrystalline structures. These microstructures exhibit reversible photoisomerization upon light irradiation (UV/Vis) in the solid-state. Finally, light-guided aggregation of these microstructures at the liquid/air interface is also demonstrated.

Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, 15 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093...

Several soft lithography-based polymer microfabrication techniques are described. These processes are capable of producing polymer microstructures from various materials including piezoelectric and conducting polymers. Two of the methods described are also capable of producing freely suspended microstructures, an important step in the implementation of polymers as functional mechanical structur...

Movable suspended microstructures are the common feature of sensors or devices in the fields of Complementary-Metal-Oxide-Semiconductors and Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems which are usually abbreviated as CMOS-MEMS. To suspend the microstructures, it is commonly to etch the sacrificial layer under the microstructure layer. For large-area microstructures, it is necessary to design a large numb...

Structuring SU-8 based superparamagnetic polymer composite (SPMPC) containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles by photolithography is limited in thickness due to light absorption by the nanoparticles. Hence, obtaining thicker structures requires alternative processing techniques. This paper presents a method based on inkjet printing and thermal curing for the fabrication of much thicker hemispherical micros...

The purpose of this study was to determine whether scale or otolith microstructures were more strongly related to fish growth. Scales and otoliths were sampled from 231 juvenile pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) collected from the marine waters of Southeast Alaska during two periods in 1993 and 1994. A computerized image analysis system was used to measure several periodic and non-periodic s...

The introduction of new materials and processes to microfabrication has, in large part, enabled many important advances in microsystems, lab-on-a-chip devices, and their applications. In particular, capabilities for cost-effective fabrication of polymer microstructures were transformed by the advent of soft lithography and other micromolding techniques (1, 2), and this led a revolution in appl...