Type 2 diabetes is a major public health problem with high and increasing prevalence, morbidity and mortality. The association between diabetes and microvascular and macrovascular complications is well known besides, tight glycemic control is a necessity. HbA1C has clinically been used since 1980s as a gold standard for monitoring glycemic control and predicting of diabetic complications. The p...

Objectives: To determine the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients with prediabetes, and to compare prediabetics normoglycemic group participants terms presence DM. Methods: An observational study was conducted between December 2018 April 2019. The aged 18-65 years were recruited from an internal medicine outpatient clinic a tertiary care hospital. A total 106 prediabetic ...

OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its complications form a global healthcare burden but the exact impact in some geographical regions is still not well documented. We describe the healthcare resource usage (HRU) associated with T2D in Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, Eurasia and Turkey. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In the fifth wave of the International Diabetes Management Practices Stud...

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of macrovascular and non-ocular microvascular complications associated factors among children adolescents with diabetes mellitus in selected hospitals southern Ghana.Design: A cross-sectional study.Setting: The out-patient clinics Departments Child Health, Medicine Therapeutics, Family Medicine, Ophthalmology, National Diabetes Management Research Centr...

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder primarily characterized by elevated blood glucose levels and by microvascular and macrovascular complications which increase the morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess whether in high risk patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus whose blood pressure and lipid levels are well controlled still exist risk factors for microvascular chan...

BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy and microalbuminuria are often thought of as distinct disease entities despite their common pathophysiology. Many studies have addressed the prognostic significance of these conditions and their treatment. METHODS Medline was selectively searched for articles published from 1948 to 2008 containing the terms "angiotensin," "microalbuminuria," and "retinopathy." ...

The publication of the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) in 1998 helped to shape the management of type 2 diabetes in recent years (1). The study demonstrated several points. First, sulfonylureas are as safe as insulin in controlling blood glucose. Second, metformin reduced cardiovascular disease in an overweight subgroup. Third, the same benefit of glycemic control in reducing microvascu...

OBJECTIVE The prevalence of type 2 diabetes has shown a significant increase in parallel with health care costs. The objective of the Brazilian Study on Diabetes Costs (ESCUDI study) was to estimate direct and indirect costs of type 2 diabetes outpatient care in the Brazilian Public Health Care System. METHODS Data were collected from different levels of health care in eight Brazilian cities ...

BACKGROUND Health-economic models of diabetes are complex since the disease is chronic, progressive and there are many diabetic complications. External validation of these models helps building trust and satisfies demands from decision makers. We evaluated the external validity of the IHE Cohort Model of Type 2 Diabetes; the impact of using alternative macrovascular risk equations; and compared...

INTRODUCTION This retrospective cohort study investigated the relation between different measures of glycemic exposure and micro- and macrovascular complications among patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS The analysis included patients receiving oral antihyperglycemic agents between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2014 from the General Practitioner Database from the PHARMO Database Network. ...