BACKGROUND Stress is known to impact smoking. This survey assessed changes in smoking behaviour of smokers in Southern Israel during a military operation (December 2008-January 2009) that exposed several civilian communities to intensive rocket bombing and acute stress. METHODS Households with an active land telephone line in Jewish Gaza vicinity communities were sampled. Inclusion criteria w...

Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare 2 INTRODUCTION " Gas! Gas! " This warning cry, so common in World War I, almost became real to U.S. forces again as they prepared to liberate Kuwait in late 1990. The threat of chemical, and even biological, warfare was foremost in the minds of U.S. military personnel during Operation Desert Shield, the preparation for the Persian Gulf War. Ira...

AIM To present the phases and activities over the period of the existence and work of the Military Hospital in Skopje, from its establishment in 1944 to its transformation on 01.01.2010. METHODS A retrospective study based on available archive materials, encyclopaedias and other sources of information and review of the relevant literature, and personal experiences, observations and memories o...

in this paper, we focus on a continuously deteriorating critical equipment which its failure cannot be measured by cost criterion. for these types of systems like military systems, nuclear systems, etc it is extremely important to avoid failure during the actual operation of the system. in this paper we propose an approach which constrains failure probability to a pre-specified value. this valu...

In many military operations, weapons safety is compromised by 'degraded modes of operation'. These are situations in which personnel must find 'work arounds' for the many different routine failures that complicate military life. In most cases, these ad hoc adaptations do not threaten safety. However, if these failures are not addressed they can gradually erode the barriers and other defensive m...

Charting the " hows " of Foreign Policy Institute for the Study of Diplomacy • Charting the " hows " of Foreign Policy O peration Uphold Democracy, the U.S.-led, multinational insecurity support to a society moving from authoritarianism to democracy. Finally, both in its MNF and UNMIH phases, the operation made a significant, although perhaps insufficient, use of international police to supplem...