the base of this review is to consider the relevant role that animal factors (potential milk yield, body weight, body condition score, state of lactation, parity and fertility) play on milk performance (considering the energy balance and the rumen function across the full lactation curve of animals) and milk quality (milk protein content, milk fat content, milk lactose content, vitamins, minera...

MILK IMPORTS TO Africa increased sixfold in the last decade and now exceed 2 million tonnes of liquid milk equivalent per year, accounting for about 30% of total consumption. They have a present value of about US$ 800 million. Substantial increases in milk production in Africa are feasible. This paper summarises the major environmental constraints to increased production of dairy products and d...

Interrelationships among milk production, dam-calf feed efficiency to weaning, and other biological traits were evaluated on 411 first-calf heifers and their calves. Individual feed intakes were measured in a drylot environment for a 1-yr period until weaning of the first calf. Heifer breed types included crossbred Angus-Hereford, Simmental-Hereford, and Tarentaise-Hereford produced in two-bree...

Galactogogues (or lactogogues) are medications or other substances believed to assist in the initiation, maintenance, or augmentation of maternal milk production. Milk production is a complex physiological process involving physical and emotional factors and the interaction of multiple hormones, the most important of which is believed to be prolactin. During stress milk production reduces. Milk...

Huge differences in dairy milk production can be observed around the world. They can be explained by differences in genetic, nutritional resources and management including the capacities of the farmers and veterinarian to prevent and treat the different pathologies inducing of the wellbeing of the animals. According to the world market of milk production, the challenge of each farm is not only ...

The aim of this study was to estimate allelic and genotypic frequencies of five DNA markers that are positional and functional candidates for milk production traits in Czech Fleckvieh cattle. In addition, we evaluated the association of these markers with milk production traits and breeding values for milk production traits and also estimated linkage disequilibrium (LD) between two markers with...

The objective of this study is to quantify the milk production response per cow and per hectare (ha) for an incremental stocking rate (SR) change, based on a meta-analysis of published research papers. Suitable experiments for inclusion in the database required a comparison of at least two SRs under the same experimental conditions in addition to details on experimental length and milk producti...

A national US survey collected data on herd milk production and management of Holstein herds. Step-wise selection identified management practices that were related to herd milk production using only operations that calculated herd milk production as well as using data from all operations. Results were similar. Milk production was highest in the West. Operations with < 100 dairy cows had lower p...