The combination of pillarization and charge neutralization with Li+ can make montmorillonite an important support material for industry decontamination pollutants in soil water. Montmorillonite characterization techniques were described detail, procedures used, after saturation, to modify manipulate the chemical mineralogical surface properties this montmorillonite. Eight samples produced: 1) n...

If life ever existed, or still exists, on Mars, its record is likely to be found in minerals formed by, or in association with, microorganisms. An important concept regarding interpretation of the mineralogical record for evidence of life is that, broadly defined, life perturbs disequilibria that arise due to kinetic barriers and can impart unexpected structure to an abiotic system. Many featur...

Introduction: In the study presented here, a technique based on the wavelet transform and described in the accompanying abstract ([1]) is applied to the nearinfrared spectra of Phobos obtained by ISM in 1989 from the Phobos-2 spacecraft. Small mineralogical variations are observed across the red, optically altered, unit of Phobos. The mineralogical composition appears to comprise olivine in the...