The contamination of ores with wastes or materials of lower than the cut-off grade is referred to as dilution. Dilution is an undesirable phenomenon that, on one hand, reduces the product grade and, consequently, reduces the sales prices and, on the other hand, adds an extra cost to waste production. Therefore, studying and evaluating the dilution risk is important in mining, and especially in ...

The United States military has undergone numerous changes since the end of the Cold War. Specifically, the U.S. Navy experienced a shift in the area of engagement from the “blue water” water depth greater than 100 m to littoral regions of the world. The sea mines become the big threat in the naval operations. Within the past 15 years three U.S. ships, the USS Samuel B. Roberts FFG-58 , Tripoli ...

Due to the improvement of production technology and the adjustment of energy structure, as well as the town-ownership and private-ownership coal mines (TPCM) were closed or merged by national policy, the number of underground miner has changed comparing with 2004 in China, so collective dose and normalization collective dose in different type of coal mine should be changed at the same time. In ...

Studies show that soldiers’ mine detection capabilities with the PSS-12 hand-held metal detector are substandard and that their probabilities of detecting (PD) low-metal mines are dangerously low. Highly experienced PSS-12 operators, however, achieve PDs over 0.90 on highand low-metal anti-tank (AT) and anti-personnel (AP) mines. Significantly, experts’ detection techniques differ from conventi...

It is said that 60 70 million mines are currently laid in over 50 countries throughout the world (Shimoi, 2002). These mines not only injure people directly, but also negatively influence the lives of inhabitants and restoration of the economy because of their consequent restriction of farmland. Such mines are categorized into two types: ATMs (anti-tank mines) and APMs (anti-personnel mines). T...