Fluctuations of winter and summer and day and night temperatures strongly influence shoot and root growth, as well as the whole plant tolerance to extreme soil temperatures. We compared the response of a commercial pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) hybrid (Romance, Rijk Zwaan) to a range of soil temperatures when grafted to a new rootstock hybrid (S101, Syngenta), self-grafted, or ungrafted. The new ...

Belowground processes are rarely considered in comparison studies of native verses invasive species. We examined relationships between belowground fine root production and lifespan, leaf phenology, and seasonal nitrogen dynamics of Lonicera japonica (non-native) versus L. sempervirens (native) and Frangula alnus (non-native) versus Rhamnus alnifolia (native), over time. First and second order f...

Recovery of biobased fertilizers derived from manure to replace synthetic is considered a key strategy close the nutrients loop for more sustainable agricultural system. This study evaluated nitrogen (N) fertilizer value five [i.e., raw pig (PM), digestate (DIG), liquid fraction (LFD), evaporator concentrate (EVA) and ammonia water (AW)] recovered an integrated anaerobic digestion–centrifugatio...

We study the problem of shape reconstruction from stereo images based on a weighted area minimization process of a depth function. As a simple example we present an efficient shape reconstruction from computer generated autostereograms. A minimal surface area based correlation is applied to accurately reconstruct the surface structure embedded first in one autostereogram image and next in two o...

This paper proposes a method for rapidly reconstructing 3D models of the spine from two planar radiographs. For performing 3D reconstructions, users only have to identify on each radiograph a spline that represents the spine midline. Then, a statistical articulated model of the spine is deformed until it best fits these splines. The articulated model used on this method not only models vertebra...

Consider a video sequence captured by a single camera observing a complex dynamic scene containing an unknown mixture of multiple moving and possibly deforming objects. In this paper we propose an unsupervised approach to the challenging problem of simultaneously segmenting the scene into its constituent objects and reconstructing a 3D model of the scene. The strength of our approach comes from...

In this paper we present the framework of our reconstruction and visualization system for planar cross sectional data. Threedimensional reconstructions are used to analyze the patterns and functions of dying (apoptotic) and dividing (mitotic) cells in the early developing nervous system. Reconstructions are built-up from high resolution scanned, routinely stained histological serial sections (s...

[1] Previous tree-ring–based Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstructions portray a varying amplitude range between the ‘‘Medieval Warm Period’’ (MWP), ‘‘Little Ice Age’’ (LIA) and present. We describe a new reconstruction, developed using largely different methodologies and additional new data compared to previous efforts. Unlike earlier studies, we quantify differences between more traditi...

Resource exploitation of patches is influenced not simply by the rate of root production in the patches but also by the lifespan of the roots inhabiting the patches. We examined the effect of sustained localized nitrogen (N) fertilization on root lifespan in four tree species that varied widely in root morphology and presumed foraging strategy. The study was conducted in a 12-year-old common ga...

Understanding factors controlling root dynamics and functioning can lead to more efficient and profitable vineyard management. However, our current understanding of root dynamics and their regulation by plant and environmental factors is limited, particularly under field conditions. This paper presents current understanding of grape root dynamics, highlighting studies using minirhizotron camera...