Angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulates norepinephrine transporter (NET) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the neurons, but the signal transduction mechanism of this neuromodulation is not understood. Treatment of neuronal cultures of hypothalamus-brainstem with Ang II resulted in a time- and dose-dependent activation of Ras, Raf-1, and mitogen-activated protein kinase. This activation was mediated b...

OBJECTIVES Myocardial failure, leading to inotrope-unresponsive shock, is the predominant cause of death in meningococcal and other forms of septic shock. Proinflammatory cytokines released in septic shock are known to have myocardial depressant effects. We previously showed that interleukin 6 is a major myocardial depressant factor in children with meningococcal septicemia. In the current stud...

The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein (MAPK) pathway involves a three-step cascade of kinases that transduce signals and promote processes such as cell growth, development, apoptosis. An aberrant response this is related to the proliferation diseases tumors. By using simulation modeling, we document arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) modulates MAPK thus avo...