Facies modeling is an essential part of reservoir characterization. The connectivity of facies model is very critical for the dynamic modeling of reservoirs. Carbonate reservoirs are so heterogeneous that variogram-based methods like sequential indicator simulation are not very useful for facies modeling. In this paper, multiple point geostatistics (MPS) is used for facies modeling in one of th...

Cao et al. (2011a) recently presented a method to implement the Tau model suggested by Journel (2002) for conditional simulation of categorical fields. In this article, a spatial Markov chain (SMC) model proposed by Li (2007a), as stated by them, was compared. Li (2007a) presented the Markov chain random field (MCRF) theory (or ideas) with a case study using a specific MCRF model and further su...

a Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Natural Resources, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia b Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, 92697 CA, USA c Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands d Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Ala...

Categorical geographical variables are normally classified into multinomial classes which are mutually exclusive and visualized as area-class maps. Typical categorical variables such as soil types and land cover classes are multinomial and exhibit complex interclass relationships. Interclass relationships may include three situations: cross-correlation (i.e. interdependency), neighbouring situa...