The tick-borne protozoan parasite Theileria annulata causes a debilitating disease of cattle called Tropical Theileriosis. The parasite predominantly invades bovine macrophages (m phi) and induces host cell transformation by a mechanism that has not been fully elucidated. Infection is associated with loss of characteristic m phi functions and phenotypic markers, indicative of host cell de-diffe...

PURPOSE Maf proteins have been shown to play pivotal roles in lens development in vertebrates. The developing chick lens expresses at least three large Maf proteins. However, the transcriptional relationship among the three large maf genes and their various roles in transactivating the downstream genes largely remain to be elucidated. METHODS Chick embryos were electroporated with wild-type L...

AIMS To report the detailed clinical findings in a three generation pedigree with autosomal dominant cataract, microcornea, and coloboma resulting from mutation of the lens development gene, MAF. METHODS Five members of a three generation pedigree with progressive cataracts underwent detailed ophthalmic examination to characterise associated ocular phenotypic features. RESULTS The cataracts...

Controlled mechanical ventilation induced a profound diaphragm muscle dysfunction and atrophy. The effects of diaphragmatic contractions with assisted mechanical ventilation on diaphragmatic isometric, isotonic contractile properties, or the expression of muscle atrophy factor-box (MAF-box), the gene responsible for muscle atrophy, are unknown. We hypothesize that assisted mechanical ventilatio...

PURPOSE To examine the expression of maf-1 and maf-2 protocogenes in the developing rat lens. METHODS Maf-1 and maf-2 transcripts were assayed in rat lenses on embryonic days 13 and 16 (E13 and E16) by in situ hybridization using single-stranded RNA probes. Proteins encoded by the maf-2 gene were assayed immunocytochemically in embryonic (E12, 13, 16, 19) and postnatal day 14 and 90 (P14 and ...

canal preparation generates a substantial amount of debris and smear layer (sl). the size and taper of the master apical file (maf) affects on penetration of irrigants and subsequently canal cleaning efficacy. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of maf size and taper on penetration of irrigants to the apical third of curved mesiobuccal (mb) canals of mandibular first molars.eighty-...

The function of transcription factors can be critically regulated by SUMOylation. c-Maf, the cellular counterpart of v-maf oncogene, is a potent transactivator of the IL-4 gene in Th2 cells. We found in a yeast two-hybrid screen that c-Maf can interact with Ubc9 and PIAS1, two key enzymes of the SUMOylation pathway. In this study, we report that c-Maf co-localized with these two SUMO (small ubi...

The multiple biological activities present in semipurified lymphokine preparations have made it difficult to assign discrete biological functions to each lymphokine. As a result, the large number of identified lymphokine activities may actually reflect the manifestations of a few factors. While this research has also been hampered by the limited quantities of lymphokines available, hybridoma an...

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable haematological malignancy characterised by the proliferation of mature antibody-secreting plasma B cells in the bone marrow. MM can arise from initiating translocations, of which the musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma (MAF) family is implicated in ∼5%. MMs bearing Maf translocations are of poor prognosis. These translocations are associated with elevated Maf e...