the objective of this study is to estimate the demand for money in iran using the autoregressive distributed lag (ardl) approach to cointegration analysis. the empirical results show that there is a unique cointegrated and stable long-run relationship among m1 monetary aggregate, income, inflation and exchange rate. we find that the income elasticity and exchange rate coefficients are positive ...

HE money-inflation relationship has been examined extensively for avariety of economies resulting in a consensus that money growth has had a significant and positive impact on inflation.’ A related, but little studied issue, is the relationship between money growth rates across countries. This issue is important for assessing the extent to which inflation pressures have been transmitted froni c...

Recently, banks and enterprises are gradually involved in B2B electronic money C Plan abbreviated as electronic money. However, few articles have related e-commerce to the financial area. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between financial characteristics and implementing electronic money by e-commerce, and whether implementing electronic money will affect the fi...

the relationship between productivity of economic sectors, effective real exchange rate, and purchasing power is a burning economic issue. based on the “balassa – samuelson” theory, higher economic productivity for tradeable goods leads to an increase in effective real exchange rate which is indicative of higher value of domestic money and higher purchasing power of money. the purpose of this s...

abstract t he relationship between public sector deficits and inflation is one of the important and controversial issues in the academic literature as well as in economic policy field. on the other hand, a major objective of macroeconomic policies is to foster economic growth and to keep inflation on a low level. so keeping the price stability plays an important role in determining the growth r...

FIROUGHOUT 1989, popular wisdom held that the U.S. monetary authority was faced with a daunting policy task: it should not permit too much money growth and cause prices to rise too rapidly, but it should not allow too little money growth and cause the economy to tip into recession as real output would fall. Sympathy for monetary policymakers, however, is not necessarily widespread among economi...

The paper identifies monetary economic features of the post-transition Croatian economy, with a view towards using inflation rate targeting to reach European Union (EU) inflation targets as required by EU accession. If focuses on the demand for real money balances, the Fisher equation of interest rates, and the effect of nominal money on output, for Croatia over the 1994-2002 period. The real m...

We show that in a canonical one-sector AK model of endogenous growth with a generalized cash-in-advance constraint, the growth and velocity effects of money are closely related to the local stability properties of the economy’s balanced growth paths. When a positive fraction (excluding 100 percent) of gross investment is subject to the liquidity constraint, the economy displays saddle-path stab...

There are two sources for governments to raise their revenues. The first is the direct taxation levied on output, and the second is seigniorage. Seigniorage is also known as printing new money and is defined as the value of real resources acquired by the government through its power of sovereignty on its monopoly of printing money. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Laffer curve for Se...

Indian organized retail industry is poised for growth. In order to attract customers price discounts in retail sector are the norm rather than an exception. The most common type of monetary promotions includes discounts, coupons, and rebates. Promotions helps organizations to grow market share, increase sales volume, sell faster, cultivate loyal customers, and drown out competitor advertising. ...