Purpose: The Vineland-II is a standardized norm-referenced assessment tool that can be used for: • measuring an individual’s daily functioning • measuring deficits in adaptive behavior • clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders, genetic disorders, developmental • delays, emotional and behavioral disturbances as well as other mental, physical or • injury related conditions • developmental...

Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is a monogenetic autosomal-dominant disorder with a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms and is commonly associated with cognitive deficits. Patients with NF1 frequently exhibit cognitive impairments like attention problems, working memory deficits and dysfunctional inhibitory control. The latter is also relevant for the resolution of cognitive conflicts. However, ...

Evidence exists for deficits in error monitoring in autism. These deficits may be particularly important because they may contribute to excessive perseveration and repetitive behavior in autism. We examined the neural correlates of error monitoring using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 8–12-year-old children with high functioning autism (HFA, n = 11) and typically developing chi...

Deficits in self monitoring are a core feature of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia, and may be the basis for disturbances of self and lack of insight, ultimately impacting social functioning. However, the functional and structural neural correlates of such deficits in self monitoring are not well understood. We investigated this issue using measurements of neurophysiological and structura...

The present study used event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate deficits in error-monitoring by college students with schizotypal traits. Scores on the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) were used to categorize the participants into schizotypal-trait (n = 17) and normal control (n = 20) groups. The error-monitoring abilities of the participants were evaluated using the Simon task...

HYPOTHESIS That alternative methods of cerebral protection, especially routine shunting of all patients undergoing general anesthesia or shunting on the basis of neurologic assessment with the patient awake under cervical plexus block, result in outcomes of carotid endarterectomy comparable with those reported using electroencephalographic monitoring. DESIGN Retrospective review of cases from...

We investigated working memory in patients with focal brain damage involving subregions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Lesions in the dorsal portion of lateral PFC or the ventromedial portion of orbital PFC did not impair performance in tasks that required maintenance and monitoring of object or spatial information. Larger lesions involving both ventral and dorsal parts of the lateral PFC impa...

BACKGROUND Executive control deficits are common sequelae of childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI). The goal of the current study was to assess a specific executive control function, performance monitoring, in children following TBI. METHODS Thirty-one children with mild-moderate TBI, 18 with severe TBI, and 37 control children without TBI, of comparable age and sex, performed the stop signa...

BACKGROUND Psychopathy (PP) is associated with a performance deficit in a variety of stimulus-response and stimulus-reinforcement learning paradigms. We tested the hypothesis that failures in error monitoring underlie these learning deficits. METHOD We measured electrophysiological correlates of error monitoring [error-related negativity (ERN)] during a probabilistic learning task in individu...

The supplementary eye fields (SEFs) are located in dorsomedial frontal cortex and contribute to high-level control of eye movements. Recordings in the SEF reveal neural activity related to vision, saccades, and fixations, and electrical stimulation in the SEF evokes saccades and fixations. Inactivations and lesions of the SEF, however, cause minimal oculomotor deficits. The SEF thus processes i...