Various breathing training programmes may be helpful for adults with asthma. The main therapeutic aim for many of these programmes is the correction of dysfunctional breathing. Dysfunctional breathing can be viewed practically as a multidimensional entity with the three key dimensions being biochemical, biomechanical and psychophysiological. The objectives of this review are to explore how each...

The publication in 1628 of Harvey's Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis, was ignored by most of the faculties in the medical schools. Its experimental approach disturbed a world subdued by dogmatic medicine, and very few men realized the importance of the upheaval that was taking place in man's thinking. The Sorbonne was particularly conservative in this position, revealed by implacable scorn ...

Several types of breathing circuits are available in anaesthesia practice.[1] Complications have been reported with almost all the breathing circuits.[2,3] Pre-use check of anaesthesia machine and circuits is recommended to avoid these complications.[4] Latest addition to the armamentarium of breathing circuit is Limb-O circuit [Figure 1]. This circuit is a ‘“double lumen’” single-tube breathin...

We report the development and testing of a simple breathing circuit that maintains isocapnia in human subjects during hypoxic hyperpnea. In addition, the circuit permits rapid switching between two gas mixtures with different partial pressures of oxygen. Eleven volunteers breathed repeated cycles of exposure to air (2 min of 21% O(2), balance N(2)) and hypoxia (2 min of 8.3+/-0.1% O(2), balance...

Current situation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Education for the liberal professions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Elite education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 General...

during the past decade, teachers in over 1,500 schools in canada have been trained to implement the empirically validated Fourth r program, but the sustainability of the program post-training is unknown. For this study, 197 teachers in 26 districts in 6 provinces were surveyed to determine the extent to which they were using the program 2 years or more after training, what modifications they ma...

Aims and background Distributed Simulation is the concept of portable, high-fidelity immersive simulation. Here, it is used for the development of a simulation-based training programme for cardiovascular specialities. We present an evidence base for how accessible, portable and self-contained simulated environments can be effectively utilised for the modelling, development and testing of a comp...