In the first 1 of this series of papers we described the strain of footand-mouth disease virus employed in our studies. We have also reported therein that guinea pigs were susceptible to the active agent in dilutions of 1: 10,000,000, and that the virus was non-centrifugable. The indications pointed to a minute size of the incitant. In the experiments to be presented in this article on cataphor...

-The foot-and-mouth disease virus-RNA polymerase complex was released from membrane particulates present in the cytoplasm of infected baby hamster kidney cells. The soluble polymerase complex was fractionated by zonal centrifugation in sucrose gradients. Two polymerase complexes (RNA and protein complex) active in the cell-free system were isolated and had S-rate ranges of 20-70S and 100-300S, ...

The stability of some viruses and methods of virus inactivation in liquid manure are reviewed. The authors discuss experimental data on the stability of foot and mouth disease virus, classical swine fever virus, Aujeszky's disease virus, African swine fever virus, swine influenza virus, porcine paramyxovirus, bovine virus diarrhoea virus and transmissible gastroenteritis of pigs virus. Recommen...

The replication of many viruses involves the formation of higher-order structures or replication "factories." We show that the key replication enzyme of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, forms fibrils in vitro. Although there are similarities with previously characterized poliovirus polymerase fibrils, FMDV fibrils are narrower, are composed of both protein ...

Despite significant advances made in the understanding of its epidemiology, foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) is among the most unexpected agricultural devastating plagues. While the disease manifests itself as seven immunologically distinct strains their origin, population dynamics, migration patterns and divergence times remain unknown. Herein we have assembled a comprehensive data set of g...

Advances in sequencing technology coupled with new integrative approaches to data analysis provide a potentially transformative opportunity to use pathogen genome data to advance our understanding of transmission. However, to maximize the insights such genetic data can provide, we need to understand more about how the microevolution of pathogens is observed at different scales of biological org...

We report the whole-genome sequence of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) O/MOG/BU/2-7/2015 isolated in Mongolia in 2015. This virus is closely related to isolates identified in Southeast Asia in 2015 and is classified under the O/ME-SA/Ind-2001d lineage. This is the first detection of an FMDV of this lineage in Mongolia.

A solid-phase competition ELISA has been developed to measure antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus and has been validated using an extensive range of sera from cattle. The assay uses polyclonal antisera and inactivated purified 146S antigens of FMD virus and was compared with the liquid-phase blocking ELISA and the virus neutralisation test on a range of serum sets. When examining t...

Introduction At the present time, there is not an officially (Office International des Epizooties) prescribed procedure for the routine discrimination of animals which have been infected with foot and mouth disease virus (and have otherwise fully recovered) from those which have received vaccination only. The official serological methods measure only antibodies against the structural proteins o...

A serological survey was carried out on French cattle to establish a reference pattern of residual vaccine antibodies and non-specific reactions against the foot-and-mouth disease virus 6 years after the ban on vaccination and in the absence of any foot-and-mouth disease outbreak. Most of the multi-vaccinated cattle still displayed high titres of antibodies and up to 50% of those which had rece...