Farach, Kannan and Warnow (1995) have defined Problem MCA (matrix completion to additive) and proved it to be NP-complete: given a partial dissimilarity d on a finite set X , does there exist a tree metric extending d to all pairs of elements of X . We use a previously described simple method of phylogenetic reconstruction, and its extension to partial dissimilarities, to characterize some clas...

general kind of encroachment of river is constructing a bridge on it. purpose of encroachment of river is occupation part of river and flood plain for constructing bridge. often being economical of bridge innovation affirmated that most of encroachment take place to river and flood plain, which this encroachment can be in form of embankment in flood plain of river or into the main bed of river ...

Movable refuge chambers are a new kind of rescue device for underground mining, which is believed to have a potential positive impact on reducing the rate of fatalities. It is likely to be hot and humid inside a movable refuge chamber due to the metabolism of trapped miners, heat generated by equipment and heat transferred from outside. To investigate the heat stress experienced by miners trapp...

The prediction of scour evolution at bridge foundations is utmost importance for engineering design and infrastructures’ safety. complexity the scouring inherent flow field result separation generation multiple vortices further magnified due to dynamic interaction between movable bed throughout development a hole. In experimental environments, current approaches characterization rely mainly on ...

MEMS (Microelectromechanical Systems) refers to the technology integrating electrical and mechanical components with feature size of 1~1000 microns. MEMS comb accelerometers have been successfully applied for air-bag deployment systems in automobiles. In this paper, the design optimization of a polysilicon surface-micromachined MEMS comb accelerometer is discussed. The device uses folded-beam s...

Implantable microelectrodes that are currently used to monitor neuronal activity in the brain in vivo have serious limitations both in acute and chronic experiments. Movable microelectrodes that adapt their position in the brain to maximize the quality of neuronal recording have been suggested and tried as a potential solution to overcome the challenges with the current fixed implantable microe...

Electrostatic actuators are used as voltage-controlled oscillators or resonators in high frequency applications. The change in deflection of a cantilever beam due to an applied voltage leads to change in capacitance between the plates of the beam. However, the range of operation of these devices is limited due to the nonlinear nature of the applied electrostatic forces as the cantilever beam mo...

In recent years, with the development of photovoltaic system and photo-thermal system technology, hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) technology has been a breakthrough in many aspects. This paper describes the movable hybrid PVT system from the aspects of appearance structure, energy flow, and control circuit. The system is equipped with rolling wheels and the simulated light sources also can be...

Two subsequent different types of bone formation, we respectively named static osteogenesis (SO) and dynamic osteogenesis (DO), were observed in intramembranous ossification centers of newborn rabbits and chick embryos as well as during bone repair. In all cases the onset of intramembranous ossification is characterized by the appearance, around the vessels, of pluristratified cords of unexpect...