February 18, 2021, a flank eruption started on the north-western slope of Klyuchevskoy Volcano (Kamchatka, Russia). Cinder cone was formed at altitude 2 850 m above sea level, from which lava flow spreading north-west. Having moved 1.2 km downslope, entered Ehrmann Glacier, resulted in formation huge mud-stone flows. The latter made their way further north-east along Kruten’kaya River bed and r...

The Isua Supracrustal Belt, Greenland, of Early Archean age (3.81-3.70 Ga) represents the oldest crustal segment on Earth. Its complex lithology comprises an ophiolite-like unit and volcanic rocks reminiscent of boninites, which tie Isua supracrustals to an island arc environment. We here present zinc (Zn) isotope compositions measured on serpentinites and other rocks from the Isua supracrustal...

High speeds have been measured at seep and mud-volcano sites expelling methane-rich fluids from the seabed. Thermal or solute-driven convection alone cannot explain such high velocities in low-permeability sediments. Here we demonstrate that in addition to buoyancy, osmotic effects generated by the adsorption of methane onto the sediments can create large overpressures, capable of recirculating...