Ni5TiO7 nanowires with controllable sizes are synthesized using PEO method combined with impregnation and annealing at 1050(o)C in air, with adjustment of different concentrations of impregnating solution to control the dimension of nanowires. The resulting nanowires are characterized in details using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and energy d...

Hydrocracking has great importance in present day refining due to strict environmental and norms of quality of fuel. In recent years the demand for middle distillate and gasoline has increased tremendously while that of heavy gas has decreased. In the present work we have modeled and then applied five lump scheme to hydrocracker reactor. The first order kinetics was assumed for the conversion i...

CuO on mesoporous silica catalyst was prepared with post synthesis impregnation method, and the effects of Al Co promoters CuO/SBA-15/kaolinite properties CO 2 hydrogenation were studied. The mixing technology kaolinite clay (containing O 3 ) used to obtain granules enhance conversion methanol as a product. performance all catalysts for catalytic evaluated fixed-bed tubular micro-activity react...

The application of elaborately designed magnetic catalysts has long been limited to ease their separation from the products only. In this paper, we for the first time employed a magnetic sulphonated poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) resin catalyst on a magnetically stabilized-bed (MSB) reactor to enhance the etherification of fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) light gasoline, one of the most importa...

The use of commercially available plastic syringes is introduced as disposable small-scale fixed bed bioreactors for the cultivation of implantable therapeutic cell systems on the basis of an alginate-encapsulated human mesenchymal stem cell line. The system introduced is fitted with a noninvasive oxygen sensor for the continuous monitoring of the cultivation process. Fixed bed bioreactors offe...

Inefficient use of raw materials in most catalytic processes can be attributed mainly to the deactivation of the catalyst in chemical reactors. In order to achieve efficient use of raw materials, this paper addresses mitigation of deactivation through optimization of inlet temperature-time trajectories. The optimization of temperature profiles in reactors is one of the key problems in the synth...

A one-dimensional, unsteady mathematical model is presented of fixed-bed countercurrent wood gasifiers, which couples heat and mass transport with wood drying and devolatilization, char gasification, and combustion of both char and gas-phase species. The model is used to simulate the structure of the reaction fronts and the gasification behavior of a laboratory-scale plant as the reactor throug...

Dear Sirs, In a recent series co-workers (see e.g. of papers by Morbidelli and Varma and Morbidelli and Varma 1986a; Morbidelli et al., 1986h Lee and Varma, 1987, 1988; Bauman and Varma 1990), the multiplicity behaviour of a fixed bed reactor is discussed. The basis for this analysis was given by Morbidelli and Varma (1986a) and Morbid& et al. (1986b), where the authors devote many columns to m...

Over the past decades, the field of chemical engineering has witnessed an increased interest in unsteady-state processes. Multifunctional, as well as intensified chemical processes, may exhibit instationary behaviour especially when based on periodical operating conditions. Ideally, instationary processes lead to a higher yield and increased selectivities compared to conventional steady-state f...

Miscanthus x giganteus was pyrolysed, in a fixed bed reactor in a constant flow of dinitrogen gas, at a rate of 13°C/min from ambient to 550°C, then held for 25 min at this temperature. The pressures employed ranged from atmospheric to 26 bar. The major compounds identified in the bio-oil were water, phenol, and phenol derivatives. The water contents impact on the usefulness of the bio-oil as a...