Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was applied to the responses of 4,909 employees of a multinational organization with locations in 50 countries to examine the measurement equivalence of otherwise identical Web-based and paper-and-pencil versions of 20 items comprising the transformational leadership component of Bass and Avolio’s Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. The results supporte...

There is no unified view about how teachers’ integration of information and communication technology (ICT) should be measured. While many instruments have focused on the technological aspects, recent studies have suggested teachers’ pedagogical considerations, professional development, and emerging ethical and safety issues should be included when assessing teachers’ ICT literacy. Using the per...

The main goal of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Perception of Parents Scale (POPS) developed by Robbins (1994), with a sample of middle-adolescents with ages between 14 and 18 years. The confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to examine the reliability and validity of a three-dimension model of adolescents’ perception of mother and father based on perspective o...

Ensuring measurement invariance for students with disabilities is critical fair in large-scale testing. Specific learning disability constitutes the largest group among groups. In this study, it was aimed to examine of Turkish Central Exam Secondary Education according whether or not have a specific disability. 994 diagnosed formed focus group, whilst 1,000 without any constituted reference gro...

many factors may be involved in determining why some students are more and some are less proficient in language. this study tried to explore the factors affecting iranian efl learners’ proficiency. 221 students at second, third and fourth year of university, including 50 male and 171 female were selected randomly to participate in the study. a researcher-made questionnaire and a proficiency tes...

neighborhood attachment is closely related to concrete and abstract conceptions that set the scene for a variety of interactions among the residents. it is on the basis of social-physical location which happens over time. neighborhood attachment also enhances the possibility of residents’ social participation in urban neighborhoods and has a bilateral relationship with residents’ satisfaction. ...

reluctance towards implementation of precision agriculture (pa) seems to be based on lackof consideration to education, extension, and research sectors. the objective of this study isto identify educational, extensional, and research requirements in application of the pasystem. the research population included all the experts in qazvin province who are familiarwith pa concepts and pa’s equipmen...

Beliefs related to classroom management vary among teachers and play an important role in classrooms. Despite the importance of this construct, valid measures have proven difficult to develop. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Behavior and Instructional Management Scale (BIMS), a short but valid measure of teachers' approaches to behavioral and instructional management. Re...