background: the spread of urbanization in floodplains as well as increase of industrial and agricultural activities in river discharges may lead to water pollution by physical, chemical and biological pollutants. one of the major concerns in monitoring the water resources system is indentifying major quality parameters and determining a relationship between physical and chemical parameters. thi...

Abstract In the classical contamination models, such as gross-error (Huber and Tukey model or case-wise contamination), observations are considered units to be identified outliers not. This is very useful when number of variables moderately small. Alqallaf et al. (Ann Stat 37(1):311–331, 2009) show limits this approach for a larger introduced independent (cell-wise contamination) where now cell...