In the mid-1980s, a citizens' organization in New Jersey --Clean Ocean Action, led by Cindy Zipf --launched an aggressive campaign to protect the oceans from the dumping of toxic sewage sludge. They were up against extraordinary power: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) opposed them; New York and New Jersey environmental officials opposed them; nearly every municipal government opposed ...

The effect of sewage sludge fertilization on nitrogen and sulphur content in maize was assessed in a pot experiment conducted in 2003-2005. The experimental design comprised the following treatments in four replications on three soils: treatment without fertilizer – (0); mineral fertilization – (NPK); farmyard manure – (FYM); sewage sludge A – (SSA); a mixture of sewage sludge A with peat – (MS...

Two new natural CphA metallo-β-lactamases, the CphA4 and CphA5 enzymes, were identified in water samples from municipal sewage in central Italy. Compared to CphA, the CphA4 and CphA5 enzymes showed numerous point mutations. These enzymes have a narrow spectrum of substrates focused on carbapenems only. CphA5 showed kcat values about 40-, 12-, and 97-fold higher than those observed for CphA4 ver...

organic fraction of solid waste, which upon degradation produces foul smell and generates pathogens, if not properly managed. composting is not a method of waste disposal but it is a method of waste recycling and used for agricultural purposes. an integrated approach of composting methodology was tested for municipal solid waste management. solid waste first was composted and after 22 days, was...

background: using the sludge as fertilizer on farms is one of the options to dispose it, which due to its variety of pathogenic microorganisms, it may cause a wide range of bacterial and parasitic diseases in human and livestock. the purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of using dried sludge produced in municipal wastewater treatment processes to fertilize agricultural lands ...

During incineration of wastes in waste incineration plants, polluted flue gases are generated which have to be subjected to flue gas purification. Although the legal requirements are nearly unambiguous, the question of whether wet flue gas purification is to be performed in a sewage-free or sewage-generating manner is discussed controversially by experts in the Federal Republic of Germany. As a...

In Sweden, municipal sewage sludge are not applied as nutrient supply on agricultural land used for crops for human consumption, due to a resistance among consumer, farmers associations and leading producers and grocery distributors. Thus, a nationwide initiative, ReVAQ, with a wide range of different stakeholders was established in 2003. The aim was to identify approaches to be implemented to ...

The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of chronic exposure to municipal sewage treatment effluent at environmentally relevant concentrations on immune parameters in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), including the assessment of potential differences in reactivity between sexually mature male and female fish. Trout were exposed to 1.5 and 15% (v/v) secondary treate...

Municipal biosolids produced during activated sludge treatment applied in wastewater treatment plants, are significant reservoirs of antibiotic resistance, since they assemble both natural and fecal microbiota, as well as residual concentrations of antibiotic compounds. This raises major concerns regarding the environmental and epidemiological consequences of using them as fertilizers for crops...