It is known that ambulatory exercises such as brisk walking and jogging are potent stimuli for improving aerobic capacity, but it is less understood whether ambulatory exercise can increase leg muscle size and function. The purpose of this brief review is to discuss whether or not ambulatory exercise elicits leg muscle hypertrophy in older adults. Daily ambulatory activity with moderate (>3 met...

In 2012 we will again see the impressive achievements of many athletes during the London Olympic Games. In particular for weightlifters success is dependent on the powerand force-generating capacity of their muscles, which in turn are strongly determined by muscle mass. Many athletes and bodybuilders therefore train intensively to develop as much muscle hypertrophy as possible. Unlimited hypert...

Introduction: To the best of our knowledge, there is no study to examine the effect of a combination of resistance training and electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) on muscle hypertrophy factors in injured athletes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of EMS on serum levels of some molecular markers of muscle hypertrophy in male athletes after anterior cruciate ligament surgery. Materials a...

INTRODUCTION Skeletal muscle retains a large degree of phenotypic plasticity throughout the lifetime of an individual, allowing muscle to respond adaptively to changes in both the nature and intensity of muscle use. Hence, repeated bouts of resistance exercise produce compensatory growth (hypertrophy) of skeletal muscle, even late in life (Drummond et al., 2008), characterized by an increase in...

PURPOSE Studies that have attributed gains in lean body mass to dietary supplementation during resistance exercise (RE) training have not reported these changes alongside adaptations at the cellular and subcellular levels. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of two popular supplements--whey protein (WP) and creatine monohydrate (CrM) (both separately and in combinati...

Background Irisin is an exercise induced myokine that is shown to promote browning of adipose tissue and hence, increase energy expenditure. Furthermore, our unpublished results indicate that Irisin improves myogenic differentiation and induces skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Since exercise induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy improves muscle strength, we wanted to investigate if ectopic injection ...

The purpose of this review was to determine whether past research provides conclusive evidence about the effects of type and timing of ingestion of specific sources of protein by those engaged in resistance weight training. Two essential, nutrition-related, tenets need to be followed by weightlifters to maximize muscle hypertrophy: the consumption of 1.2-2.0 g protein.kg -1 of body weight, and ...

Volcanic ash of Mount Sinabung enters the Lau Borus River. One biota in river that is affected by volcanic Mahseer fish. This study aims to determine LC50 from exposure fish, water quality, and tissue histology The concentrations for toxicity tests were 0 mg/L, 66,000 87,000 115,000 152,000 mg/L. results probit analysis showed values at time 24, 48, 72, 96 hours 135,249 106,741 72,210 68,798 re...