1 A productivity growth rates in Africa have lagged behind the rest of the world due to lack of investment in agriculture in general and in agricultural research and development (R&D) in particular.1,2 Low productivity has especially affected basic African food crops such as sorghum, millet, cassava, sweet potato and cowpea, which are barely traded inter nationally and which benefited very litt...

We present a formalisation for the notion of viewpoint, a construct meant for expressing several varieties of relativised truth. The formalisation consists in a logic which extends rst order predicate calculus through an axiomatization of provability and with the addition of proper reeection rules. The extension is not conservative, but consistency is granted. Viewpoints are deened as set of re...

There have been a number of proposals to split the specification of large and complex systems into a number of inter-related specifications, called viewpoints. Such a model of multiple viewpoints forms the cornerstone of the Open Distributed Processing (ODP) standardisation initiative. We address two of the technical problems concerning the use of formal techniques within multiple viewpoint mod...

This paper discusses the need for a systematic framework which can be used to analyse software processes and derive process models. We propose the idea of process viewpoints which have associated process models and which incorporate questions about process and potential process improvement. The questions associated with each process viewpoint are derived from organisational concerns which must ...

The situation which occurred in a dream provides the framework for discussing properties of the theory of viewpoints and in particular the issue of diierent denotations from diierent perspectives. We introduce the principle of \referent sharing" in communications and argue that common knowledge resulting from communication should only use constants whose referent is \manifest" to the parties in...