NASA has been interested in having Internet connectivity in space for quite some time. This would allow scientists with direct Internet access to data and devices on the satellites. The rotation of Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) satellites around the Earth result in handover of satellites between ground stations. Two types of handover can be observed in space: Link layer and Network layer. Researcher...

In 1994, to much fanfare, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) introduced the concept of “human security,” proclaiming that this idea, “though simple, is likely to revolutionize society in the twenty-first century.” Human security, the UNDP noted in its Human Development Report, was a way of moving beyond the emphasis on the territorial security of national states and the insecurity ...

Some species of ants possess an unusual form of social organization in which aggression among nests is absent. This type of social organization, called unicoloniality, has been studied in only a handful of species and its evolutionary origins remain unclear. To date, no study has examined behavioural and genetic patterns at points of contact between the massive supercolonies that characterize u...

Hydrogen-Like Lead Ions Pb with Low Temperature Calorimeters V. Andrianov, K. Beckert, P. Beller, A. Bleile, Ch. Chatterjee, P. Egelhof, A. Gumberidze, S. Ilieva, O. Kiselev, C. Kilbourne, H-J. Kluge, S. Kraft-Bermuth, D. McCammon, J.P. Meier, R. Reuschl, T. Stöhlker and M. Trassinelli GSI, Darmstadt, Germany; Univ. of Mainz, Germany; Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., Moscow, Russia; NASA/Goddard S...

To world-wide notice, in 2002 the ATHENA collaboration at CERN (in Geneva, Switzerland) announced the creation of order 100,000 low energy antihydrogen atoms. Thus, the concept of using condensed antihydrogen as a low-weight, powerful fuel (i.e., it produces a thousand times more energy per unit weight of fuel than fission/fusion) for very deep space missions (the Oort cloud and beyond) had rea...

this paper presents a different explanation and perception of essence and function of the “national security strategy document”, based on general framework of practical and interpretive approaches to the philosophy of politics and social science. then based on the already concept, it is explained that, “national security strategizing” , and shaping of an integrated and unitary reading and inter...

The Social Security Administration, in its annual report to the Congress.1 reviews the contribution that the social security programs made to the national economy during the fiscal year 1949 through its provision of basic economic security for the Nation’s gainfully employed persons and their families. It also summarizes the servicesprovided to people who lack security because of personal, fami...

This paper explains the transformation of Pancasila as an institution that governs state religion relations in Indonesia. Why has Pancasila been stable at the national level but discontinuous at the subnational level since Indonesia’s democratic transition and decentralization? By tracing Pancasila’s history back to its origin, this paper demonstrates that territorial interest has been an impor...