this paper has two objectives. first, it establishes a model for scoring the access to pharmaceutical services. second, it develops a model for measuring socioeconomic indicators independent of the time and place of study. these two measures are used for measuring equity in access to pharmaceutical services using concentration curve. we prepared an open-ended questionnaire and distributed it to...

Most techniques for computer classification of multispectral scanner data involve a "single-stage" approach in which every pixel in the data is classified in a single step, using a single set of training statistics and a single set of wave length bands. Hierarchical classifiers, on the other hand, involve a sequence of classification steps, each of which can involve a different wavelength band ...

Death certificates are the most commonly used source of information for the estimation of the frequency of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in populations. National mortality statistics have been the major tool used for studying geographic variations in CVD. Such comparisons have suggested that major differences in CVD mortality trends can be found between countries, and that even national trends ...

This study aims to compare neonatal characteristics and socioeconomic conditions in Rio de Janeiro city neighborhoods in order to identify priority areas for intervention. The study design was ecological. Two databases were used: the Brazilian Population Census and the Live Birth Information System, aggregated by neighborhoods. Spatial analysis, multivariate cluster classification, and Moran's ...

OBJECTIVE To assess (1) the consistency between self-classified and interviewer-classified color/race according to socioeconomic and demographic variables and (2) the magnitude of the ethnic-racial inequalities of income and socioeconomic status using self-classified and interviewer-classified color/race. METHODS A cross-sectional population-based study was carried out among individuals of bo...

OBJECTIVE To provide a targeted portrait of socioeconomic disparities in health care quality in four countries and how those disparities have changed over time. DESIGN Within each country, comparisons between the highest and lowest quintiles of socioeconomic status were made to determine if disparities exist and if any observed disparities have been decreasing over a 5-year period. SETTING ...

Study objective—To investigate if there are socioeconomic diVerences in road traYc injuries among Swedish children and adolescents, and if this applies to the same extent to all categories of road users. To assess the modification eVect of gender of child. Design—A closed population-based cohort study based on the Swedish Population and Housing Census of 1985. Individual census records are link...