Accuracy in defining a disease makes it easier to study and understand. Similarly, with injuries to the teeth, a comprehensive classification is an aid to correct diagnosis and treatment planning. A thorough review of various classifications of tooth fractures shows that, despite an emphasis on traumatic dental injuries, a consensus needs to be arrived at, especially among clinicians and genera...

Abstract Natural fractures are not only the key to affect natural productivity of tight sandstone reservoirs but also one important factors control fracturing effect. If local strata affected by multistage tectonic movement and diagenesis, it will lead complexity fracture types characteristics, which makes difficult accurately identify fractures, thus, seriously development fractured In this pa...

Improved survival following organ transplantation has brought to the forefront some long-term complications, among which osteoporosis and associated fractures are the major ones that adversely affect the quality of life in recipients. The pathogenesis of osteoporosis in transplant recipients is complex and multifactorial which may be related to increased bone resorption, decreased bone formatio...

Posterior lumbar apophyseal ring fractures are rare in adolescents. We report 4 such cases in Chinese adolescents. Two of the patients had a slipped capital femoral epiphysis; 3 of them were overweight/obese. All presented with low back pain and radicular pain. Apophyseal fractures of the upper lumbar spine usually involve the lower end plate, whereas those of the lumbar sacral spine usually in...

conclusions mandibular fractures can be complicated and demanding, and have a compelling impact on patients’ quality of life. our study reported that parasymphysis was the most common region involved in mandible fractures. results a total of 653 subjects had mandibular fractures, out of which 574 were males. the mean age of the participants was 31.54 ± 13.07. the majority of the subjects were b...

Modeling and simulation of unconventional reservoirs are much more complicated than the conventional reservoir modeling, because of their complex flow characteristics. Mechanisms, which control the flow in the reservoir, are still under the investigation of researchers. However, it is important to investigate applications of mechanisms which are present to our knowledge. This paper presents the...

Natural fractures are of paramount importance in storing carbon shale oil reservoirs, where ultra-low porosity and permeability necessitate their essentiality for enhanced recovery. Therefore, comprehensively clarifying the characteristics natural reservoirs is imperative. This paper focuses on investigating microscopic features organic-rich continental that commonly found Lower Jurassic strata...

Geothermal and unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs are often characterized by low permeability and porosity. So, they are difficult to produce and require stimulation techniques, such as thermal shear deactivation and hydraulic fracturing. Fractures provide porosity for fluid storage and permeability for fluid movement and play an important role in production from this kind of reservoirs. Hen...

Avulsion fractures of the calcaneal tuberosity constitute only a small percentage of calcaneal fractures. Avulsion fractures often occur in elderly women with osteoporosis. Various surgical methods are used in the treatment of this type of fracture. These include tension band wiring, suture anchor fixation, lag screw fixation, and TightRope® technique. In order to manage these fractures effecti...