Abstract Setting off from a familiar distinction in the philosophy of properties, this paper introduces tripartite between sparse causation, abundant causation and mere (instances latter forming sub-class causation). It is argued that contrast allows us to resolve notorious philosophical issues having do with negative involving institutional properties physical macro-causation way unified, intu...

Introduction Claims of medical negligence are universal. Unexpected adverse pregnancy outcome may trigger litigation. Such outcomes, especially with neurodevelopmental sequelae, be compounded by a genetic disorder, congenital abnormality or syndrome. Material and methods This is report 297 cases in which complication, error incident occurred that was followed progeny syndrome, spawned The autho...

The dynamics model, which is based on L. Talmy's (1988) theory of force dynamics, characterizes causation as a pattern of forces and a position vector. In contrast to counterfactual and probabilistic models, the dynamics model naturally distinguishes between different cause-related concepts and explains the induction of causal relationships from single observations. Support for the model is pro...

The dynamics model, which is based on Talmy’s (1988) theory of force dynamics, characterizes causation as a pattern of forces and a position vector. In contrast to counterfactual and probabilistic models, the dynamics model naturally distinguishes between different cause-related concepts and explains the induction of causal relationships from single observations. Support for the model is provid...

How the mind of a human being can determine the bodily spirits [i.e., the fluids in the nerves, muscles, etc.] in producing voluntary actions, being only a thinking substance. For it appears that all determination of movement is produced by the pushing of the thing being moved, by the manner in which it is pushed by that which moves it, or else by the qualification and figure of the surface of ...

According to what is here called the “Intoxication Recklessness Principle,” a defendant who, thanks to voluntary intoxication, is unaware of a condition of which a reasonable person would have been aware is to be treated as though he were reckless with respect to that condition, rather than negligent. And, according to what is here called the “Intoxication Negligence Principle,” a defendant who...

1. Define and discuss criminology terms introduced in Unit III. 2. Recall theories of crime causation and their attempts to indicate and explain criminality. 3. Recall and explain the relationship between crime and genetics. 4. Identify and discuss external and internal factors that can influence criminality. 5. Differentiate between male and female criminality and its causes. 6. Recall how psy...