AIM To determine the prevalence of dopaminergic abnormalities in 1388 children with neurological disorders, and to analyse their clinical, neuroradiological, and electrophysiological characteristics. METHOD We studied biogenic amines in 1388 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from children with neurological disorders (mean age 3y 10mo, SD 4y 5mo; 712 males, 676 females. Correlations among CSF ...

Colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) is a hematopoietic growth factor that regulates the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of mononuclear phagocytes. Because this cellular compartment undergoes major changes during fetal and neonatal life, we examined concurrent CSF-1 expression during human development. While levels increased dramatically after full-term birth, CSF-1 concentrations s...

Organs from neonatal mice dying from IFN-gamma-dependent inflammatory disease initiated by loss of the gene encoding the suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS-1) had a normal capacity to produce G-CSF in vitro but a reduced capacity to produce GM-CSF, most evident with the lung, and some reduction in the production of M-CSF by muscle tissue. In contrast, organs from mice lacking the genes fo...

OBJECTIVE To define the clinical and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) criteria that establishes a diagnosis of sepsis and meningitis immediately on admission. METHODS One thousand children, aged one day to 13 years, presenting with acute onset of vomiting, fever, convulsion, and diarrhea to the Pediatrics Department, King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from January 1...

The blood-brain interfaces restrict the cerebral bioavailability of pharmacological compounds. Various drug delivery strategies have been developed to improve drug penetration into the brain. Most strategies target the microvascular endothelium forming the bloodbrain barrier proper. Targeting the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier formed by the epithelium of the choroid plexuses in additio...

Treatment against shunt infection by transvenous antimicrobial treatment is difficult, with a high risk of relapse. Consequently, to maintain a sufficient cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentration, intraventricular administration is utilized in combination with the transvenous administration of vancomycin (VCM). Few studies have so far investigated the optimum administration dose for newborns and...

BACKGROUND Bacterial meningitis is more common in the neonatal period than any other time in life; however, it is still a challenge for the evidence based diagnosis. Strategy for identification of neonatal bacterial meningitis pathogens is presented by evaluating three different available methods to establish evidence-based diagnosis for neonatal bacterial meningitis. METHODS The cerebrospina...

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diffusion of kanamycin was studied in 35 newborn infants. Five infants had bacterial meningitis and two had viral meningitis. One-half of the infants received an intramuscular injection of 7.5 mg of kanamycin per kg, whereas the other half received 12.5 mg/kg. Serum and CSF specimens were obtained 3 to 6 hr and 11 to 12 hr after injection. No significant difference was...