The r−n interaction energy, 1 ≤ n < 3, for a infinitely periodic system with explicit charges and a neutralizing, uniform background charge density is derived. An Ewald based expression for this energy has an extra term proportional to the square of the total explicit charges of the system. This expression may be useful for simulations in which explicit charge neutrality does not hold or for wh...

The role of the meson–exchange current correction to the nuclear charge operator is studied in electron scattering processes involving the excitation of medium and heavy nuclei to energies up to the quasi–elastic peak. The effect of these contributions in the quasi–free electron scattering process is a reduction of at most a 3% in the longitudinal response at the energy of the peak, a value whi...

With bioenergetic modeling, we tested the hypothesis that reptiles maximize net energy gain by postprandial thermal selection. Previous studies have shown that Chinese green tree vipers (Trimeresurus s. stejnegeri) have postprandial thermophily (mean preferred temperature T(p) for males =27.8 degrees C) in a linear thigmothermal gradient when seclusion sites and water existed. With some publish...

This paper analyzes various aspects of energy dependency and identifies the hidden factors behind national security. Based on a review scientific literature, that reduce security in consumption natural gas, oil, nuclear generation were identified. One such factor is import resources. Import crucial characteristic can exacerbate effects external aggression, non-competitive behavior, pressure. Gi...