There is compelling evidence for the direct involvement of mitochondria in certain neurodegenerative disorders, such as Morbus Parkinson, FRDA (Friedreich's ataxia), ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), and temporal lobe epilepsy with Ammon's horn sclerosis. This evidence includes the direct genetic evidence of pathogenic mutations in mitochondrial proteins in inherited Parkinsonism {such as PA...

Nörodejeneratif hastalıklara olan ilgi özellikle son birkaç yılda belirgin bir şekilde artma göstermektedir. Fakat bu artan özel ilgiye rağmen, Alzheimer hastalığı (AH), Parkinson hastalığı (PD), multiple skleroz (MS) ve amiyotrofik lateral skleroz (ALS) gibi norodejeneratif hastalıkların patolojik mekanizmaları kesin olarak aydınlatılamamıştır. Endojen reaktif aldehitlerin (malondialdehit [MDA...

Zinc is an essential trace element, whose importance to the function of the central nervous system (CNS) is increasingly being appreciated. Alterations in zinc dyshomeostasis has been suggested as a key factor in the development of several neuropsychiatric disorders. In the CNS, zinc occurs in two forms: the first being tightly bound to proteins and, secondly, the free, cytoplasmic, or extracel...

Bile acids, a structurally related group of molecules derived from cholesterol, have a long history as therapeutic agents in medicine, from treatment for primarily ocular diseases in ancient Chinese medicine to modern day use as approved drugs for certain liver diseases. Despite evidence supporting a neuroprotective role in a diverse spectrum of age-related neurodegenerative disorders, includin...

Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of disorders characterized by neuronal loss and generally an accumulation of insoluble intracellular or extracellular material in certain brain regions. Most neurodegenerative disorders are of unknown etiology, affect the elderly, are progressive, and damage selected neuronal populations or brain regions. There are some inherited forms of these disorders; ...

Living cells continually generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the respiratory chain during energetic metabolism. ROS at low or moderate concentration can play important physiological roles. However, an excessive amount of ROS under oxidative stress would be extremely deleterious. The central nervous system (CNS) is particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress due to its high oxygen con...

mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the main causative factors in a wide variety of complications such as neurodegenerative disorders, ischemia/reperfusion, aging process, and septic shock. decrease in respiratory complex activity, increase in free radical production, increase in mitochondrial synthase activity, increase in nitric oxide production, and impair in electron transport system and/or...

Chronic neurodegenerative diseases encompass a wide spectrum of disorders and affect millions people worldwide [...]