Here, we review the role of clinical biomarkers (tissue and circulating markers) in the management of neuroendocrine tumors. These tumors may originate in different organs, from cells embriologically different but expressing common phenotypic characteristics, such as the immuno-reactivity for markers of neuro endocrine differentiation (defined as "pan-neuroendocrine"), the capacity to sec rete ...

Neuroendocrine tumors, 1-2% of all malignancies, are relatively slow-growing neoplasms. The majority of neuroendocrine tumors belong to the World Health Organization Group 2 with well-differentiated endocrine carcinomas, but some tumors can be aggressive. The most common are gastroenteropancreatic-neuroendocrine tumors, followed by bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine tumors; less frequent locations...

The concept of pure neuroendocrine breast tumors was initially defined by Sapino et al. There are three sub-types of these tumors: solid, small cell/oat cell, and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas. To diagnose neuroendocrine tumors, more than half of the tumor cells must have neuroendocrine differentiation. The possibility of metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma must always be excluded in the...

OBJECTIVE Neuroendocrine tumors of the gynecologic tract are rare, and pose a significant clinical challenge because of the tumor heterogeneity and lack of standardized guidelines for treatment. This manuscript summarizes the available literature concerning these tumors in an effort to provide the clinician a framework from which to guide patient management. METHODS MEDLINE was searched for a...

We reviewed the literature about entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 syndrome (MEN1) to clarify their demographic features, localization imaging, practice, and appropriate therapeutical strategies, analyzing the current approach to entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in MEN1. Despite the fact that hyperparathyroidism is usually the first manifestat...

INTRODUCTION Neuroendocrine tumors are a group of neoplasms arising from the neural crest and endoderm and very heterogeneous as regards localization, clinical behavior, aggressiveness, and prognosis. Pancreas and gastrointestinal tract are the most common sites where neuroendocrine tumors can be found. MATERIAL AND METHODS A review was made of all cases of neuroendocrine tumors diagnosed at ...

PURPOSE Inhibition of angiogenesis represents a promising therapeutic strategy in neuroendocrine tumors. Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), a ligand of the endothelial tyrosine kinase Tie-2, is emerging as a key regulator of vascular remodeling during tumor angiogenesis. We therefore addressed the expression and biological significance of Ang-2 in human neuroendocrine tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Surgica...

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) can be found in most organs, as well as in the urinary bladder. Some of the clinical and pathologic features of these tumors may be characteristic of the organ of origin, but most of the properties are shared by neuroendocrine neoplasms regardless of their anatomic site. In the bladder, NETs comprise less than 1% of all bladder tumors and can be found in a pure form...

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) frequently metastasize to the liver, but it is rare to find them there as primary tumors. Isolated polycystic liver disease (PCLD) is a rare autosomal dominant disease. There is no known association between polycystic liver disease and neuroendocrine or other tumors. We report a case of a 64-year-old female with a past medical history of isolated PCLD who presented ...