Background: Contrary to the classic anatomical description, many recent studies have reported wide variations in branching patterns and location of motor branches that are supplying pronator teres muscle. To understand these their implications surgical procedures nerve transfers, a systematic review was performed on innervation muscle from cadaveric studies.Methods: A literature search database...

Introduction: During lockdown, a student is influenced by combination of external factors including family environment, increased social and emotional stress, higher educational computer load, responsibility for doing homework, which inevitably changes his psychoemotional sphere coping behavior. In order to study characteristics behavioral reactions schoolchildren before during 2020 COVID-19 we...

AIM This study was aimed to investigate the variations in the spinal nerve root compositions of musculocutaneous nerve and to confirm which spinal nerve root is the main ingredient in participating amount. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 20 fresh cadavers were dissected. Brachial plexus and its branches were extracted. Musculocutaneous nerve stump was traced back to the roots to identify its ...

Severe brachial plexus injuries are rare in sports, but they have catastrophic results with a significant loss of function in the involved upper extremity. Nerve root avulsions must be timely managed with prompt evaluation, accurate diagnosis, and surgical treatment to optimize the potential for a functional outcome. This case report describes the mechanism of injury, diagnostic evolution, surg...