Non-technical summary Urban density is erroneously regarded as the main factor in spread of COVID-19 cities. A review extant literature and findings from our case study Karachi, Pakistan indicate that inequalities income, healthcare, living conditions play a key role contagions along with government responsiveness to pandemic. Moving forward, urban policies need address these through changes ho...

Variability of urban fog during the last 50 years in Anhui Province (China) and its possible underlying mechanisms are analyzed based on daily meteorological records from 78 stations. The effects of urban development and aerosols on fog formation are discussed through an analysis of trends in fog frequency and comparison with a number of meteorological parameters, coal consumption and vehicle u...

This article describes a new model for urban planning in ancient and preindustrial cities that moves beyond the traditional simplistic dichotomy of planned versus organic cities. The model has two components: coordination of buildings and spaces, and standardization among cities. A variety of coordinated arrangements of buildings reflect urban planning, including simple coordination, formality ...