This brief essay reviews an approach to defining and then detecting the emergence of complexity in nonlinear processes. It is, in fact, a synopsis of Reference [1] that leaves out the technical details in an attempt to clarify the motivations behind the approach. The central puzzle addressed is how we as scientists — or, for that matter, how adaptive agents evolving in populations — ever “disco...

Tacit knowledge, intuition, intuitive heritage are very broad concepts and sometimes too vague to provide for any practical applications (as a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush). Only some of the many possible intuitive factors in science are chosen. Indo-European mythology belongs to the heritage of humanity, but has nothing to do with the mathematical creation of set theory. It is pos...

Flukes of ruminants are flatworm (trematodes) parasites living in the liver, fore stomachs or blood vessels, of which 40 different species may be present. Many other trematodes are parasites of fishes, poultry, carnivores and man. The liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, was first described in France by Jean de Brie (1379), in his treatise on wool production and sheep management for the king Charles...